International Impacts On Social Policy: Short Histories In Global Perspective

On this Series
Praise for International Impacts on Social Policy
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1: Introduction: International Interdependencies and the Impact on Social Policies
	1	 Scope and Content of the Book
	References
Part I: Violence and Welfare
	2: Introduction: Violence and Welfare
		References
	3: Mass Warfare and the Development of the Modern Welfare State: An Analysis of the Western World, 1914–1950
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The Impact of War on Welfare Legislation
		3	 The Fiscal Impact of War and Its Aftershocks: Social Spending and Taxation
		4	 The Impact of War on State Capacities: The Institutionalisation of Welfare Ministries
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	4: The Emergence of the Socialist Healthcare Model After the First World War
		1	 The First Trigger: First World War and the October Revolution 1917
		2	 The Second Trigger: Second World War and the Beginning of the Cold War, 1945–1947
		3	 Crisis of the Semashko System
		4	 Conclusion
		References
	5: The Cold War and the Welfare State in Western Europe
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The Nordic Countries
		3	 Italy
		4	 Divided Germany
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	6: The Coalition Between Medical Doctors and the Military: On the Establishment of Public Health in Chile, 1870–1939
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The Rise of the Military and the Medical Profession, and Their Relationship with the Latin American State
		3	 The “Discovery” of Health as a Social Problem
		4	 A Case Study: The Coalition Between Doctors and the Military in Chile
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	7: Social Policy and Britain’s 1929 Colonial Development Act
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Social Policy in a British Colonial Development Context
		3	 Social Policy and the Colonial Development Fund, 1929–1940
			3.1	 The Formative Politics and Objectives of the Colonial Development Act, 1929
			3.2	 Implementation of the Colonial Development Act, 1929
			3.3	 The Allocation of Financial Support from the CDF
		4	 Conclusion
		References
			Legislation
			Parliamentary Debates
			Parliamentary Papers
	8: The Colonial Legacy and the Jamaican Healthcare System
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Colonialism and the Emergence of Social Policy
		3	 The Development of Public Health Services in Colonial Jamaica
			3.1	 Slavery and Post-Emancipation Dystopia
			3.2	 Rockefeller Intervention
			3.3	 Moyne and Irvine Commissions
		4	 Healthcare Post-Independence
		5	 Discussion and Conclusion
		References
	9: Between Aspiration and Reality: The Effect of the French Colonial Legacy on Old-Age Pension Coverage in Africa
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Legal Pension Coverage Rates in Former French Colonies in Africa
		3	 The Persistence of French Legislation
		4	 Between Aspiration and Reality
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	10: The Colonial Legacies of Copper Dependence: Inequality and Bifurcated Social Protection in Zambia
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The Colonial Legacy of the Copper Enclave Economy
		3	 A Short Post-Independence Window of Opportunity
		4	 Demand-Driven and Supply-Driven Social Protection
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	11: Class-Based Communities: The Postcolonial Reform of School Education in South Africa
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Setting the Path: Neoliberalism and Communitarianism in the Late Apartheid Period
		3	 Model C: A South African Third Way
		4	 Conclusion
		References
Part II: International Organisations and Transnational Diffusion
	12: Introduction: International Organisations and Transnational Diffusion
		References
	13: Global “Cultural Spheres” and the Introduction of Compulsory Schooling Around the World
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Culture and Diffusion of Education Systems
		3	 Data and Methods
		4	 Results
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	14: The ILO Beyond Philadelphia
		1	 Introduction
		2	 From Particularism to the Tension Between Universalism and a Standard Employment Relationship
		3	 Of Old and Not So New Members: Changes in the Membership Structure of the ILO
		4	 Structure of Adopted Instruments that Came into Force After 1945
		5	 A Universal and Global Proliferation? Structure of Ratifications of ILO Conventions and Spatial Distribution 1945–1970
		6	 Conclusion: Universalism in the Aftermath of the Declaration of Philadelphia—A Global Proliferation?
		References
	15: Between Economics and Education: How International Organisations Changed the View on Education
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The Continuous Expansion of Education IOs
		3	 The Impact of Economic IOs Entering the Education Field
		4	 Conclusion
		References
	16: The Role of the United Nations in Promoting the Policy Debate on Child Allowance Issues in 1960s Japan
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The Quality of Population Debates
		3	 The 1960s as the Era of Social Development
		4	 Population Trends and Family Policy Debates
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	17: The Washington Consensus and the Push for Neoliberal Social Policies in Latin America: The Impact of International Organisations on Colombian Healthcare Reform
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Background: What Colombia Can Teach Us
		3	 The Principles of the Washington Consensus
		4	 Setting the Stage: The 1993 Colombian Healthcare Reform
		5	 The Adoption of Washington Consensus’ Principles in the Colombian Healthcare Reform Legislation
		6	 Lessons Learned: The Impact of IOs on Colombian Healthcare Reform
		References
	18: World Bank Intervention and Introduction of Social Health Insurance in Albania
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The World Bank’s Preference and Prescription on Social Health Insurance in CEE
		3	 Historical Background: Albania at the Start of Transition
		4	 World Bank’s Recommendations in Health Financing Reform and the Making of Social Health Insurance in Albania
			4.1	 The Early Stage of Disagreement
			4.2	 The Late Stage of Agreement
		5	 Discussions and Conclusions
		References
			Annex of Interviews
	19: Social Protection in Mozambique from the 1990s to the 2000s
		References
	20: Labour Market Segmentation, Regulation of Non-Standard Employment, and the Influence of the EU
		1	 Labour Market Development and Segmentation Since the Oil Crisis
		2	 Methods, Data, and Indicators
		3	 Labour Market Segmentation and Employment Regulation in EU Countries
		4	 Comparing Particular Elements of Employment Regulation in EU and Non-EU Countries
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	21: Pathways to Family Policy in Half a Century of Population Control: International Paradigms and National Programmes
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Population Control and Family Policies: Three Conferences
		3	 China
		4	 Kenya
		5	 Two Ways of Dealing with Interdependence: Instrumental Policy-Making and Selective Norm Dilution
		References
	22: Opposition to the Washington Consensus: The IMF and Social Policy Reforms in Post-Soviet Russia
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Russia’s Dealings with the IMF
		3	 Emancipation from the IMF
		4	 The Domestic Approach
		5	 Conclusions
		References
Part III: Globalisation, Economic Interdependencies and Economic Crises
	23: Globalisation, Economic Interdependencies and Economic Crises
		1	 Three Phases of Economic Globalisation and Economic Crises
		2	 The First Wave of Globalisation from 1895 to the Great Depression
		3	 The Great Depression and World War II
		4	 The Second Wave of Globalisation after World War II Until 1980
		5	 The Third Wave of Globalisation Since the 1980s
		6	 Conclusion and Outlook on the Chapters of This Section
		References
	24: Economic Interdependencies and Social Expenditures Revisited
		1	 Changing Times
		2	 4+2 Modes of Integration into the Global Economy
		3	 The Road Ahead
		References
	25: Black Swans and the Emergence of Unemployment Insurance in the First Half of the Twentieth Century
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The Controversies Over and Prerequisites of Unemployment Insurance
		3	 The Argument
		4	 Harbingers of Modern Unemployment Insurance
		5	 Black Swans and Unemployment Insurance Legislation up to 1950
			5.1	 The Great War and Its Aftershocks
			5.2	 The Great Depression
			5.3	 World War II
		6	 Conclusion
		References
	26: Standard-Setting in Colonial Labour Regulation and the Great Depression
		1	 Labour Between the Abolition of Slavery and Market Making
			1.1	 Forced and Compulsory Labour
		2	 Compulsion to “Free” Labour
		3	 Colonial Labour Legislation
		4	 Economic Crisis and Changes in Labour Regulation
		References
	27: Social Reforms and the Fear of Economic Backlash: Political Debates on Social Policy and Transnational Influences in Argentina in the 1930s
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Competitive Disadvantages
		3	 Social Protection Across Borders
		4	 Effectiveness of Conventions
		5	 A New Dawn for Social Policy
		6	 New Strategies of the Business Sector
		7	 Conclusion
		References
	28: International Transfers and National Path Dependencies: Pension Systems in Britain and Germany after the Second World War
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Britain and West Germany in the “Golden Age” of the Welfare State
		3	 Pension Politics in the Era of Population Aging
		4	 Conclusion
		References
	29: The Formation of a National Capital Stock and the Pension Systems in South Korea and Malaysia
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The Relationship Between Building National Capital and Providing Social Security
		3	 The Pension Insurance System in South Korea
		4	 The Employees Provident Fund in Malaysia
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	30: The “Great Recession” and Pension Policy Change in European Countries
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Eight EU Countries in Need of External Assistance
		3	 Eight Countries: Three Types of Pension Systems
		4	 The Post-2008 Pension Reforms
		5	 Reform Impact and Outlook
		References
	31: Trade and Immigration: How International Factors Shaped Social Policy in Argentina
		1	 The Emergence of a Modern Society During the Export-Led Era
		2	 Industrialisation and the Modern Social Security System
		3	 Conclusion
		References
Part IV: Ideas, Expert Networks and Migration
	32: Introduction: Ideas, Expert Networks and Migration
		References
	33: Relations Between Germany and China and the Rise of the Social Insurance State in China Since the Economic Reform of 1978
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Historical Background
		3	 Social Policy Diffusion from Germany to China in the Modern Era
			3.1	 Actors and Agencies
			3.2	 Semantics and the Perception of Models
			3.3	 Interaction and Communication Channels
		4	 Conclusion
		References
	34: Social Long-Term Care Insurance: An Idea Travelling Between Countries?
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Concepts
		3	 Same but Different: Comparing LTCI in Germany, Japan, and Korea
		4	 Travelling Ideas? Revisiting Evidence on Transnational Policy Learning
			4.1	 Japan
			4.2	 South Korea
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	35: Variations on Bismarck: Translations of Social Health Insurance in Post-Communist Healthcare Reforms in Central and Eastern Europe—The Role of Vertical and Horizontal Interdependencies
		1	 Introduction: Adoption of Social Health Insurance in Post-Communist Central and Eastern Europe
		2	 Diffusion of Social Health Insurance Across Central and Eastern Europe: What Role for International Interdependencies?
		3	 Conclusions
		References
			Interviews
	36: A Quest for Equity: Labour Standards on the Transnational Move
		1	 The Historicity of Equality Norms
		2	 Quest for Equality Under Scrutiny
		3	 1970: At a Turning Point
		4	 Gender-Equality Rights Going Their Own Way
		5	 A Structural Reshaping of Work Regulation
		References
	37: Did Migrants Build the Welfare State? Migration as a Social Policy Driver in Early Twentieth-Century Uruguay
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The Batllista Welfare State
		3	 A Country of Migrants
		4	 The Promotion of Migration to “The Most Favourably Situated Country”
		5	 Migrants, the Labour Movement, and Labour Legislation
		6	 Batllista Reformers: The Second Generation
		7	 Conclusion
		References
	38: Social Protection for Migrant Workers in China
		1	 Introduction
		2	 The Social Protection of Migrant Workers: Two Phases
			2.1	 1978–2002: Migrant Workers As Social Outsiders and a Disenfranchised Group
			2.2	 The 2000s and Beyond: Migrant Workers As an “Amphibious” Group
		3	 Conclusion
		References
	39: Differentiation of Welfare Rights for Migrants in Western Countries from 1970 to Present
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Conceptualising Immigrant Welfare Rights
		3	 The Development of Immigrant Welfare Rights Over Time
		4	 By Way of Conclusion: The Future of Immigrant Welfare Rights
		References
	40: Dependencies of Long-Term Care Policy on East–West Migration: The Case of Germany
		1	 Introduction
		2	 LTC Insurance as an Expansion and Economisation of the Bismarckian Welfare Regime
		3	 The Interaction between LTC Provision, Migration Regimes and Labour Market Dynamics
		4	 Towards a “Higher Road” of Formal LTC Provision: Proactive Labour Policies and Normalisation of Migrant Care Work
		5	 Conclusion
		References
Part V: Conclusions
	41: By Way of Conclusion: Future Research
		References