International Business

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International Business
	module 1 The Challenging Context of International Business
		What Is International Business and What Is Different about It?
			The Influence of External and Internal Environmental Forces
			The Domestic Environment
			The Foreign Environment
			The International Environment
		Is Internationalization of Business a New Trend, and Will It Continue?
		The Growth of International Firms and International Business
			Expanding Number of International Companies
			Foreign Direct Investment and Exporting Are Growing Rapidly
		What Is Driving the Internationalization of Business?
			Technological Drivers
			Market Drivers
			Cost Drivers
			Political Drivers
			Competitive Drivers
		What Are the Arguments for and against the Globalization of Business?
			Concerns with Globalization
			Arguments Supporting Globalization
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	module 2 International Trade and Investment
		International Trade
			Volume of International Trade
			How Evenly Has Trade Grown?
			Which Nations Account for the Most Exports and Imports?
		Direction of Trade
			The Increasing Regionalization of Trade
			Major Trading Partners: Their Relevance for Managers
			Major Trading Partners of the United States
		Explaining Trade: International Trade Theories
			Mercantilism
			Theory of Absolute Advantage
			Theory of Comparative Advantage
			How Exchange Rates Can Change the Direction of Trade
			Some Newer Explanations for the Direction of Trade
			Summary of International Trade Theory
		Foreign Investment
			Portfolio Investment
			Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)
			Does Trade Lead to FDI?
		Explaining FDI: Theories of International Investment
			Monopolistic Advantage Theory
			Strategic Behavior Theory
			Internalization Theory
			Dynamic Capabilities Theory
			Eclectic Theory of International Production
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	module 3 Sociocultural Forces
		What Is Culture and Why Is It Important?
		Culture Affects All Business Functions
			Marketing
			Human Resources
			Production and Procurement
			Accounting and Finance
			Preferred Leadership Styles
		How Culture Shows Itself
			Aesthetics
			Religion
			Material Culture
			Language
			Societal Organization
			Special Focus: Gift Giving in Business
		Culture Frameworks
			Hall’s High and Low Context
			Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s Cultural Orientations Framework
			Hofstede’s Six Dimensions
			Trompenaars’s Seven Dimensions
		When Does Culture Matter? The Global Mind-Set
		Going Forward: Cultural Paradoxes and a Caution
			Rules of Thumb for Managers Doing Business Across Cultures
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	module 4 Sustainability and Natural Resources
		Sustainability in the Business Context
		Systems for Achieving Sustainability
			Life Cycle Assessment
			Cradle-to-Cradle Design
		Tools for Measuring and Reporting Sustainability
			United Nations Global Compact
			Global Reporting Initiative
			Carbon Disclosure Project
			Footprinting
			Reporting Sustainability Efforts
		Characteristics of Environmentally Sustainable Business
			Limits as Part of the Sustainability Context
			Interdependence as Part of the Sustainability Context
			Equity in Distribution as Part of the Sustainability Context
		The Stakeholder Model for Sustainable Business
		Geography: Describing Our Natural Capital
			Location: Political and Trade Relationships
			Topography
			Climate
		Natural Resources
			Nonrenewable Energy Sources
			Renewable Energy Sources
			Nonfuel Minerals
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	module 5 Political Forces That Affect Global Trade
		Governments and the Ownership of Business
			Nationalization: Why Governments Get Involved
			Privatization: Why Governments Sell Businesses
		Government Stability and Protection
			Stability: Issues with Lack of Peace and Predictability
			Protection from Unfair Competition
			Protection from Terrorism, Cybercrime, and Other Threats
		Country Risk Assessment and Countermeasures to Threats
		Government Intervention in Trade
			Reasons for Restricting Trade
			Tariff Barriers
			Nontariff Barriers
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	module 6 Intellectual Property Rights and Other Legal Forces
		Types of Legal Systems
			Civil Law
			Common Law
			Religious Law
		International Legal Forces
			Rule of Law
			What Is International Law?
			Sources of International Law
		General Legal Concerns in Global Business
			Extraterritoriality
			Performance of Contracts
			Litigation
		Intellectual Property Rights
			Patents
			Trademarks
			Trade Names
			Copyrights
			Trade Secrets
		Standardizing Laws Around the World
		Some Specific National Legal Forces
			Competition Laws
			Trade Obstacles
			Tort Law
			Miscellaneous Laws
			Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
			Accounting Law
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	module 7 Economic and Socioeconomic Forces
		International Economic Analyses
		Levels of Economic Development
		Dimensions That Describe the Economy and Their Relevance for International Business
			Measuring the Size of an Economy
			Economic Growth Rate
			Income Distribution
			Private Consumption
			Unit Labor Costs
			Other Economic Dimensions
		Socioeconomic Dimensions of the Economy and Their Relevance for International Business
			Total Population
			Age Distribution
			Population Density and Distribution
			Other Socioeconomic Dimensions
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	module 8 The International Monetary System and Financial Forces
		The International Monetary System: A Brief History
			The Gold Standard
			The Bretton Woods System
			The Central Reserve/National Currency Conflict
		The Floating Currency Exchange Rate System
			Current Currency Arrangements
			The Bank for International Settlements
		Financial Forces: Fluctuating Currency Values
			Fluctuating Currency Values
			Why Foreign Currency Exchange Occurs
			Exchange Rate Quotations and the FX Market
			Causes of Exchange Rate Movement
			Exchange Rate Forecasting
		Financial Forces Governments Can Exert
			Currency Exchange Controls
			Taxation
			Inflation and Interest Rates
		Balance of Payments
			BOP Accounts
			Deficits and Surpluses in BOP Accounts
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	module 9 International Competitive Strategy
		What Is International Strategy, and Why Is It Necessary?
			Why Plan Globally?
		The Process of Global Strategic Planning
			Step 1: Analyze Domestic, International, and Foreign Environments
			Step 2: Analyze Corporate Controllable Variables
			Step 3: Define the Corporate Mission, Vision, and Values Statements
			Step 4: Set Corporate Objectives
			Step 5: Quantify the Objectives
			Step 6: Formulate the Competitive Strategies
			Regional Strategies for Competing Globally
			Step 7: Prepare Tactical Plans
		Strategic Plan Features and Implementation Facilitators
			Sales Forecasts and Budgets
			Facilitation Tools for Implementing Strategic Plans
			Performance Measures
		Kinds of Strategic Plans
			Time Horizon
			Level in the Organization
			Methods of Planning
		New Directions in Planning
			Who Does Strategic Planning?
			How Strategic Planning Is Done
			Contents of the Plan
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	module 10 Organizational Design and Control
		How Does Organizational Design Impact International Companies?
		Evolution of International Company Structure
			International Division Structure
			International Product Structure
			Geographic Region Structure
			Global Functional Structure
			Hybrid Organizational Structures
			Matrix Organizations
			Matrix Overlay
			Strategic Business Units
			Current Organizational Trends
			Requirements for the Future of International Companies
		Where Decisions Are Made in Wholly Owned Subsidiaries
			Standardization of the Company’s Products and Equipment
			Competence of Subsidiary Management and Headquarters’ Reliance on It
			Size and Age of the IC
			Headquarters’ Willingness to Benefit the Enterprise at the Subsidiary’s Expense
			The Subsidiary’s Frustration with Its Limited Power
		Where Decisions Are Made in Joint Ventures and Subsidiaries Less Than 100 Percent Owned
			Loss of Freedom and Flexibility
			Control Can Be Had Even with Limited or No Ownership
		Reporting
			Financial Reporting
			Technological Reporting
			Reporting about Market Opportunities
			Political and Economic Reporting
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	module 11 Global Leadership Issues and Practices
		The Global Mind-Set
		Global Leadership: What It Is and Why It Matters
			How Global Leadership Differs from Domestic Leadership
			The Challenge of Finding Global Leaders with the “Right Stuff”
		What Competencies Are Required for Effective Global Leadership?
		Selecting and Developing Effective Global Leaders
			Assessing Global Leadership Competencies
			Models for Developing Global Leaders
			Tools and Techniques for Developing Global Leadership Skills
		Leading Global Teams
			Leading Teams
			Complexity for Teams in the Global Context
			Global Team Leadership and Culture
			Virtual and Geographically Dispersed Teams
			Performance Management in Global Teams
		Leading Global Change
			Change Models
			Change and Culture
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	module 12 International Markets: Assessment and Entry Modes
		Market Screening Approaches and Techniques
			Initial Screening—Basic Needs Potential
			Second Screening—Financial and Economic Forces
			Third Screening—Political and Legal Forces
			Fourth Screening—Cultural Forces
			Fifth Screening—Competitive Forces
			Final Selection of New Markets
			Segment Screening
		Trade Missions and Trade Fairs
		Research in the Local Market and as Practiced
		What Methods Are Available for Entering Foreign Markets?
			Nonequity Modes of Entry
			Equity-Based Modes of Entry
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	module 13 Marketing Internationally
		Differences between Domestic and International Trade
		The Marketing Mix
			Standardize, Adapt, or Start from Scratch?
		Product Strategies
		Modifying Types of Products
			Industrial Products
			Consumer Products
			Services
			Foreign Environmental Forces
		Promotional Strategies
			Advertising
		Media Availability and Internet Advertising
			Type of Product
			Foreign Environmental Forces
		Neither Purely Global nor Purely Local
			Personal Selling
			Sales Promotion
			Public Relations
		Pricing Strategies
			Standardizing Prices
			Foreign National Pricing
			International Pricing
		Distribution Strategies
			Standardizing Distribution
			Foreign Environmental Forces
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	module 14 Managing Human Resources in an International Context
		Worldwide Labor Conditions
			Overall Size of the Workforce
			Aging of Populations
			Urbanization of Workforce
			Immigrant Labor
			Guest Workers
			Brain Drain
			Labor Unions
		The Strategic Approach to International Human Resource Management
		Recruitment and Selection of Employees
			Ethnocentric Staffing Policy
			Polycentric Staffing Policy
			Regiocentric Staffing Policy
			Geocentric Staffing Policy
		Training and Development of Employees
			Home- or Parent-Country National
			Host-Country National
			Third-Country National
		Expatriates
			The Expatriate’s Family
			Preparation for the Transition: Language Training
			Expatriate Services
			Repatriation—The Shock of Returning Home
		Compensation for International Assignments
			Salaries
			Allowances
			Bonuses
			Compensation Packages Can Be Complicated
			Compensation of Third-Country Nationals
			International Status
			Perks
			What’s Important to you?
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	module 15 International Accounting and Financial Management
		Accounting and Foreign Currency
			The Purpose of International Accounting
			Foreign Currency Transactions
			Foreign Currency Consolidation: Translation and Functional Currency
			International Accounting Standards on the Path of Convergence
			Accounting and Culture
		Triple-Bottom-Line Accounting
		International Financial Management: Capital Structure of the Firm
		International Financial Management: Cash Flow Management
			Why Funds are Moved and Useful Techniques for Moving Them
			International Finance Center
			Multilateral Netting
			Leading and Lagging
		Foreign Exchange Risk Management
			Transaction Exposure
			Translation Exposure
			Economic Exposure
		Taxation
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	bonus module A International Institutions from a Business Perspective
		What Are Institutions, and Why Are They Useful?
		Institutional Theory
			Types of Institutions
		The United Nations
			General UN Support of Business
			Direct UN Impact on Business
			UN Organization
		International Monetary Institutions
			International Monetary Fund
			The World Bank
		World Development and Trade Organizations
			Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD)
			World Trade Organization
		Economic Integration Agreements
			Free Trade Area
			Common Market
			Economic Integration
			Examples of Economic Integration Agreements
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	bonus module B Export and Import Practices
		Sources of Export Information, Counseling, and Support
			Mistakes Made by New Exporters
			Export Marketing Plan
		Incoterms, Pricing, Terms of Sale, and Payment
			Incoterms
			Pricing
			Terms of Sale
			Export Payment Procedures
		Export Financing
		Export Procedures and Export Documents
			Export Shipments
		Importing
			Sources for Imports
			Customhouse Brokers
			Import Duties
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Sample Outline for an Export Marketing Plan
			Notes
	bonus module C Global Operations and Supply Chain Management
		Managing Global Supply Chains
		Design of Products and Services
		Sourcing Globally
			Reasons for Sourcing Globally
			Global Sourcing Arrangements
			Importance of Global Sourcing
			The Increasing Use of Electronic Purchasing for Global Sourcing
		Manufacturing Systems and Logistics
			Advanced Production Techniques Can Enhance Quality and Lower Costs
			Logistics and Supply Chains
		Standardization and the Management of Global Operations
			Benefits of Standardization of Global Operations
			Impediments to Standardization of Global Operations
			Some Design Solutions
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Critical Thinking Questions
			Research Task
			Minicase
			Notes
	Glossary
	Company and Name Index
	Subject Index
	World Map