Intelligent Transport Systems, From Research and Development to the Market Uptake: 4th EAI International Conference, INTSYS 2020, Virtual Event, December 3, 2020, Proceedings

Preface
Conference Organization
Contents
Mobility
Mobile Ticketing Customers: How to Attract Them and Keep Them Loyal
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
		3.1 The Complaints
		3.2 The Complainers
		3.3 The Effects of the Complaints
	4 Discussion
		4.1 User Onboarding
		4.2 User Engagement
		4.3 User Retention
		4.4 User Reinstall
	5 Conclusions
	References
Understanding Spatiotemporal Station and Trip Activity Patterns in the Lisbon Bike-Sharing System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Historical Background
		1.2 Our Research Approach
	2 State of the Art of Bike-Sharing Systems
	3 Data Mining Methodology
		3.1 Data Sources and Data Characteristics
		3.2 Data Cleaning
		3.3 Data Mining
			3.3.1 Bike Usage Analysis
			3.3.2 Station Usage Analysis
			3.3.3 Bike Trip Weather Analysis
			3.3.4 Spatial Cluster Analysis
	4 Major Findings
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
A Context-Sensitive Cloud-Based Data Analytic Mobile Alert and Optimal Route Discovery System for Rural and Urban ITS Penetration
	1 Introduction
	2 Challenges of Big Data Analytic in Intelligent Transportation System
	3 Related Work
	4 Context-Sensitive Cloud-Based Mobile Alert and Route Discovery System
		4.1 General Description
		4.2 The Architecture
		4.3 User Profiling (Context-Sensitive) Subsystem
		4.4 The Route Rating Subsystem
		4.5 Route Rating Formula
		4.6 Rationale for the Route Rating Parameters
	5 The Context-Sensitive Mobile Alert Subsystem
		5.1 The Cloud-Based Alerts Aggregator and the Optimal Route Algorithm
		5.2 The Cloud-Based Data Analytic Engine Subsystem
	6 Conclusion and Future Research Direction
	References
Carpooling Systems Aggregation
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Sustainable Mobility
		1.2 Background
		1.3 Related Work
		1.4 Contribution
		1.5 Organization
	2 Proposal
		2.1 Carpooling System Reference Implementation
		2.2 Aggregator
		2.3 Aggregation Gateway
	3 Experimental Evaluation
	4 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
An Individual-Based Simulation Approach to Demand Responsive Transport
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Simulation of On-demand Transport Modes
		2.2 Analysis and Design of On-demand Transport Modes
	3 Simulation of Demand Responsive Transport
		3.1 Simulation Approach
		3.2 Evaluation of the Approach
		3.3 Simulation Prototype
		3.4 Experiments
	4 Discussion and Future Work
	5 Conclusions
	References
Dependable and Efficient Cloud-Based Safety-Critical Applications by Example of Automated Valet Parking
	1 Introduction
	2 Challenges and Use Cases of CPSoS
		2.1 Industrial Use Cases of CPSoS
		2.2 Common CPSoS Challenges
	3 Related Work
	4 Design of Safe and Efficient CPSoS
		4.1 Top-Level Requirements
		4.2 Iterative Weakness-Driven Design Refinement
		4.3 Monitoring and Recovery Concept
	5 Evaluation
		5.1 Evaluation Setup
		5.2 Evaluation Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Effective Non-invasive Runway Monitoring System Development Using Dual Sensor Devices
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Runway Monitoring Systems
		2.1 Monitoring Systems for Structural Deformations
		2.2 Monitoring System for Foreign Objects
	3 Background
		3.1 LIDAR Technology for Terrestrial Scanning
		3.2 MARWIS for Terrestrial Scanning via Vehicle
		3.3 XTraNTM for Vehicle Monitoring
	4 Proposed System
		4.1 Component of Runway Monitoring System
		4.2 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Applications
Adopting Blockchain in Supply Chain – An Approach for a Pilot
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Blockchain Technology and Its Features
		2.2 Blockchain Technology for Supply Chain Management
		2.3 Adopting Blockchain in Supply Chains
		2.4 Constraints of Blockchain Technology for Supply Chain Management Use
		2.5 Traceability for Blockchain-Based Supply Chains
		2.6 Traceability for Food Supply Chains
	3 Use of Blockchain in Portugal
	4 Methodology
	5 A Pilot in the Fish Sector in Portugal
		5.1 Overall Approach for Adopting Blockchain Technology in Company X Supply Chain
		5.2 Addressing the Use of Blockchain
		5.3 Key Management and Identity Management – Building the Blocks
		5.4 Assessing the Impact of BC Used in the Pilot SC
	6 Conclusion
	References
An Integrated Lateral and Longitudinal Look Ahead Controller for Cooperative Vehicular Platooning
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Formulation
		2.1 Basic Platoon Model and Stability Analysis
		2.2 Lateral Error
	3 Control Models
		3.1 Longitudinal and Lateral Controllers
		3.2 Look Ahead Controller - LAC
	4 Simulation Environment
	5 Simulation Scenarios
		5.1 Scenario 01 - Bearing Test
		5.2 Scenario 02 - LAC
		5.3 Scenario 03 - Complex Circuit
		5.4 Scenario 04 - Obstacle Avoidance
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Impact of Charging Infrastructure Surroundings on Temporal Characteristics of Electric Vehicle Charging Sessions
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Previous Relevant Work
		1.2 Our Contribution
	2 Data
		2.1 Terminology
		2.2 EVnetNL Dataset
		2.3 Geospatial Datasets
	3 Methods
		3.1 Data Processing
		3.2 The Lasso Method and Statistical Inference
	4 Results
		4.1 Software Libraries and Settings
		4.2 Preliminary Analyses
		4.3 Explaining the Temporal Characteristics of Charging Sessions with the Surroundings of the Charging Pools
		4.4 Comparison with the Previous Studies
	5 Conclusions and Discussion
	References
Deployment of Electric Buses: Planning the Fleet Size and Type, Charging Infrastructure and Operations with an Optimization-Based Model
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review on Bus Fleet Electrification
		2.1 Electric Bus Battery Types, Charging Infrastructure and Strategies
		2.2 Operational Aspects of the Electrification of Bus Fleets
		2.3 Concluding Remarks
	3 Electrification of a Public Bus Operator in Portugal
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Assumptions Used for Building the MILP4ElectFleet Model
		4.2 Notation
		4.3 Objective Function
		4.4 Constraints
	5 Case Study
		5.1 Dataset and Assumptions Used for the MILP4ElectFleet Model Application
		5.2 Results
	6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
Logistics Infrastructure of Automobile Industry Between Germany and Poland
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
	4 Automobile Industry Between Germany and Poland; A Quantitative Analysis
	5 Results
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Simulation and Prediction
Performance Evaluation of Object Detection Algorithms Under Adverse Weather Conditions
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Method and Materials
		3.1 Experimental Setup
		3.2 Dataset Preparation
		3.3 Object Detection
		3.4 Evaluation Metrics
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Detection over Time
		4.2 Overall Detection Capabilities
	5 Conclusion
	References
Automotive Radar Signal and Interference Simulation for Testing Autonomous Driving
	1 Introduction
	2 Radar Basics
		2.1 Measurement Principle and Signal Processing for FMCW Radar
		2.2 Interference on FMCW Radars
	3 Automotive Radar Simulation
		3.1 Architecture and Interfaces
		3.2 Radar Signal Simulation
		3.3 Signal Processing Model
	4 Parametrization and Validation
		4.1 Sampling Layer
		4.2 Signal Layer
		4.3 Hit Point Layer
		4.4 Scenario Layer
	5 Application Example
	6 Conclusion
	References
EMD-SVR: A Hybrid Machine Learning Method to Improve the Forecasting Accuracy of Highway Tollgates Traveling Time to Improve the Road Safety
	1 Introduction
	2 Theory and Method
		2.1 Scale Decomposition by Empirical Mode Decomposition
		2.2 SVR Method
		2.3 Application to Traffic Travel Time Data
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Smart Surveillance of Runway Conditions
	Abstract
	1 Introduction to Airport Runway Safety
	2 Classification of Events Related to Runway Conditions
		2.1 Pavement Cracks and Deformations
		2.2 Detection of Foreign Object Debris
		2.3 Runway Contamination
	3 Project Context – Automated Runway Inspections
		3.1 Project Context Diagram
		3.2 Characteristics of the Laser Equipment
	4 Smart Airport Runway Safety Process
		4.1 Business Scenario for Runway Contamination
		4.2 User Interface Specification
	5 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Author Index