Integrated Clinical Orthodontics

Integrated ClinicalOrthodontics......Page 1
Dedication......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
List of Contributors......Page 11
Preface......Page 15
Introduction......Page 16
The orthodontic patient as a human being......Page 19
The patient’s biological status ? does it influence orthodontic treatment?......Page 20
Conclusions......Page 24
References......Page 29
Introduction......Page 30
Advantages of using PMS......Page 31
Digital photographs......Page 32
Digital radiography......Page 33
Discussing treatment with the patient......Page 36
Communication using the internet......Page 37
Hyper text transfer protocol file transfer......Page 40
Video teleconferencing/video conferencing......Page 41
Evidence on the internet......Page 42
Protection against malware......Page 43
Reboot/restart the machine and enter the safe mode......Page 45
Backup......Page 46
Virtual patient record for integration of specialties......Page 47
Privacy protection on non-internetconnected computers......Page 48
Conclusion......Page 49
References......Page 50
Introduction......Page 52
The first interaction with the patient......Page 53
The importance of the medical history in the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning......Page 54
Acute and chronic infections systemic and local......Page 55
The pituitary gland......Page 58
Pancreas......Page 59
Psychiatric disorders......Page 60
Viral hepatitis......Page 61
Hematological disorders and blood dyscrasias......Page 62
Leukemia......Page 63
Bleeding disorders......Page 64
Examination of soft tissues......Page 65
Evaluation of the periodontal status and oral hygiene......Page 67
Dental caries and associated morbidity......Page 68
Anomalies of shape......Page 70
Disorders of eruption......Page 73
Evaluation of the occlusion and the temporomandibular joint......Page 75
Conclusions......Page 77
References......Page 80
Relationship of the morphology and function of the orofacial area to quality of life......Page 84
Need versus demand for orthodontic care......Page 85
Cognitions, emotions, and behavior influencing motivation for orthodontic treatment......Page 86
Sensation and perception......Page 87
Perception of facial attractiveness......Page 88
Quantitative methods for determining the anthropometric bases for perception of attractiveness......Page 89
Ethno-cultural differences in facial perception......Page 90
Stages of development in relation to onset of treatment......Page 91
Compliance issues of adolescents at risk for substance abuse......Page 92
Example of perfectionist patient......Page 93
Suggestions......Page 94
References......Page 95
Introduction: the role of the orthodontist in nutrition......Page 98
What is an adequate diet?......Page 99
Defining ‘sugar’......Page 101
Importance of nutrition during orthodontic treatment......Page 102
The child: the childhood obesity issue......Page 103
Practitioner strategies for addressing diet and nutrition......Page 104
Patient education......Page 105
Objective data......Page 106
Example......Page 107
An important note on enhancing communication between practitioner and patient......Page 108
References......Page 109
Introduction......Page 111
Pervasive sucking habits and tongue thrusting......Page 112
Growth-related problems......Page 113
Trauma-related issues......Page 115
Timing of treatment......Page 118
Conclusions......Page 121
References......Page 122
Interaction with the clinical geneticist......Page 124
Evolution of the clinical medical geneticist specialist......Page 125
When to refer?......Page 126
Sex chromosome aneuplodies/anomalies......Page 127
Early-onset periodontitis......Page 130
X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets X-linked hypophosphatemia......Page 131
Cherubism......Page 132
Cleidocranial dysplasia dysostosis......Page 133
Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type I TRPS type I......Page 134
Gardner syndrome familial adenomatous polyposis......Page 135
Gingival fibromatosis hyperplasia......Page 136
Parry?Romberg Romberg syndrome......Page 137
Craniosynostosis......Page 138
Velocardiofacial Shprintzen or del22q11 syndrome......Page 139
Osteogenesis imperfecta......Page 140
Marfan syndrome......Page 141
Van der Woude syndrome......Page 142
References......Page 143
Additional resources......Page 146
Introduction......Page 147
Craniofacial/hemifacial microsomia......Page 148
Management......Page 150
Post-distraction orthodontics......Page 152
The role of functional appliances......Page 153
Management......Page 155
Orthodontic management......Page 157
Craniosynostoses......Page 158
Management......Page 159
Orthodontic treatment during childhood......Page 161
Orthodontic treatment during adolescence......Page 162
Achondroplasia/FGFR3 mutations......Page 163
Holoprosencephalic disorders......Page 164
References......Page 165
Introduction......Page 168
Obstetrics......Page 169
Genetics......Page 170
Orthodontic management......Page 171
Infant orthopedics......Page 172
Treatment during the early mixed dentition period......Page 174
Facial orthopedics......Page 175
Orthodontic treatment in relation to alveolar bone grafting......Page 177
Adolescent orthodontic treatment......Page 178
Combined orthodontic-surgical treatment in adulthood......Page 179
References......Page 180
Modeling......Page 183
Clinical implications of bone remodelling......Page 187
Remodeling......Page 185
Clinical implications of modelling......Page 184
Bone adaptation to mechanical deformation and orthodontic tooth movement......Page 190
Bone reaction to skeletal anchorage......Page 192
Conclusions......Page 194
References......Page 195
Growth hormone deficiency......Page 197
Management......Page 198
Thyroid disease......Page 199
Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome......Page 200
Diagnosis......Page 201
Management......Page 202
Osteopetrosis......Page 203
Clinical, radiological, and biochemical findings......Page 204
Clinical, radiological, and biochemical findings......Page 205
Clinical findings......Page 206
Turner syndrome......Page 207
References......Page 208
Normal anatomy......Page 210
Common sources of anomalies in the oronasal area......Page 211
Effect on facial and occlusal morphology......Page 212
Methods of evaluating airway obstruction......Page 213
Time and sequence of the effect of obstruction on facial alterations......Page 214
Growth concepts revisited......Page 215
Otolaryngology......Page 216
Orthodontic......Page 218
Pathogenesis......Page 219
Eustachian tube dysfunction......Page 220
Audiometry......Page 221
Conductive hearing loss and maxillary expansion......Page 222
Ear pain......Page 224
Accidental conditions......Page 225
References......Page 226
Introduction......Page 229
Decoding OSA......Page 230
Effect of anatomy on respiration......Page 232
OSA in children......Page 233
Diagnosis......Page 234
Treatment of OSA by stimulating maxillary and mandibular growth......Page 235
Diagnosis......Page 236
Examination of the tongue, soft palate, and tonsils......Page 237
Nasendoscopic examination of the upper airway......Page 239
Orthodontic management......Page 242
Orthognathic surgery management......Page 243
Conclusions......Page 245
Acknowledgments......Page 249
References......Page 251
Introduction......Page 255
Mucositis......Page 256
Burning mouth syndrome......Page 257
Enterococci......Page 258
Acute pharyngitis......Page 260
Suppurative parotitis/sialadenitis......Page 261
Rhinitis and sinusitis......Page 262
Actinomycosis......Page 263
Syphilis......Page 264
Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis......Page 265
Varicella zoster infection......Page 267
Cytomegalovirus infection......Page 268
Retroviral infections......Page 269
Herpangina......Page 270
Fungal infections......Page 271
Some uncommon systemic mycoses with oral lesions......Page 274
Parasitic infections......Page 275
Brain abscess......Page 276
Conclusions......Page 277
References......Page 278
Introduction......Page 282
Coordinating orthodontic and pediatric dental appointments in a group or solo practitioner setting......Page 283
Identifying orthodontic and pediatric dental problems earlier than later......Page 285
Restoring form and function ? revisiting the unilateral posterior crossbite with a functional mandibular shift......Page 287
Congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors ? who does what, when, and how?......Page 290
Retention considerations and beyond......Page 294
Enamel demineralization during orthodontic treatment ? who takes responsibility for prevention?......Page 295
References......Page 297
Introduction......Page 298
Cariogenic potential and white spot lesions......Page 299
Pulpal reactions to orthodontic forces......Page 301
Orthodontically induced root resorption......Page 303
Emergency orthodontic treatment in trauma cases......Page 307
Immediate post-orthodontic period, and the long-term retention requirements for avoiding relapse......Page 320
References......Page 322
Introduction......Page 328
Diagnosis and etiology......Page 329
Orthodontic treatment......Page 332
Periodontal and preliminary restorative therapy......Page 333
Orthodontic treatment......Page 335
The clasp......Page 337
Medical/dental history......Page 339
Discussion......Page 341
Case 5: Prosthetic restoration of maxillectomy due to adenoid cystic carcinoma......Page 342
Discussion......Page 344
Acknowledgments......Page 345
The importance of the sequence/checklist......Page 347
Step I: Multiple provider team selection......Page 350
Borderline surgery Class II ? case report Figure 18.5......Page 351
Step III: Clinical awareness of dentofacialdeformity Figure 18.7? Self ? through awareness......Page 353
BookmarkTitle:......Page 356
Step VII: Multidisciplinary review of adentofacial problem based on patient records......Page 359
Step VIII: Explanation to patient of available treatment options......Page 360
Step IX: Consultation with patient and significant other by dental team providers......Page 362
Case summary for patient in Figure 18.16......Page 365
Step XI: Comprehensive orthodontic treatment8?18 months before surgery......Page 366
Step XII: Presurgical re-evaluation records......Page 368
Step XIV: The postsurgical period......Page 372
Complications in physical wellbeing......Page 373
Secondary surgery......Page 374
Self-esteem changes caused by unexpected facial changes......Page 375
Step XV: Evaluation and surgical stability......Page 376
Conclusions......Page 377
References......Page 379
Archwire-bracket friction......Page 381
Fabrication and characterization ofnonmetallic archwires......Page 383
Fundamental studies of metallic archwires......Page 384
Orthodontic appliances and finiteelement analysis......Page 387
Miscellaneous areas of research......Page 388
Self-healing materials......Page 389
Biomimetic adhesives......Page 390
Self-cleaning materials......Page 391
Other smart biomaterials......Page 392
Introduction......Page 395
Stem cells basics......Page 396
Biomaterials......Page 398
Impact of tissue engineering on orthodontics......Page 399
Orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics as clinical motivation for tissue engineering......Page 403
References......Page 404
Introduction......Page 407
Bone and attachment level in health and disease......Page 408
Morphing bone with orthodontic tooth movement......Page 409
The infected orthodontic patient......Page 412
Gingival enlargement......Page 413
Definitions......Page 415
Background and rationale......Page 416
Epistemological issues: choice and clinical styles......Page 417
A consilience of sciences......Page 418
A consilience of style......Page 420
A consilience of cognition......Page 421
Graft delivery......Page 423
Flap surgery......Page 424
Postsurgical evaluation......Page 426
Cell rejuvenation with transmucosal penetration......Page 427
Corroborative clinical and histological data......Page 428
Contraindications......Page 430
Practical considerations......Page 431
Conclusions......Page 433
References......Page 434
Suggested reading......Page 436
Pump source......Page 437
Laser versus scalpel......Page 438
Priming......Page 439
Choosing a proper anesthetic......Page 440
Debate regarding compound topical anesthetics......Page 441
Laser machine set-up......Page 442
Gingivectomy and gingivoplasty......Page 444
Tissue rebounding......Page 445
Papilla filattening......Page 447
Tooth and mini-implant exposure......Page 448
Excision versus apically positioned f.lap......Page 449
Frenectomy......Page 450
Ablation of minor aphthous ulceration......Page 452
Excision of soft tissue lesions......Page 454
Eye and skin injury......Page 455
Patient and operator protection......Page 456
Conclusion......Page 457
References......Page 458
Introduction......Page 459
Case 1......Page 460
Direction of the intrusive orthodontic force......Page 461
Biomechanical considerations......Page 462
Case 2......Page 463
Simultaneous intrusion of two molars......Page 465
Case 3......Page 466
Molar uprighting......Page 468
The retromolar micro-implant: placement site and surgical procedure......Page 469
Ligature wire......Page 470
Mobility......Page 471
Case 4......Page 472
Case 5......Page 473
Molar uprighting with indirect anchorage......Page 475
Case 6......Page 476
Local anesthesia......Page 478
Drilling a hole with the pilot drill......Page 479
Placement of micro-implants......Page 480
Timing of and factors affecting failure......Page 481
Conclusion......Page 482
References......Page 483
Temporomandibular disorders ? the evolution of controversy......Page 485
Orthodontics and TMD......Page 487
Centric relation controversy......Page 489
Deprogramming to obtain an ideal CR......Page 490
Articulators as a diagnostic aid in orthodontics......Page 491
Asymptomatic internal derangements ? need for treatment?......Page 492
Recapturing the TMJ disk......Page 493
Controversies regarding TMD treatments......Page 494
Conclusion......Page 495
References......Page 496
Therapeutic access......Page 500
Patient management......Page 501
Control of adverse behavior during treatment......Page 502
Adapting orthodontics to the special needs child......Page 503
Post-treatment parental evaluation......Page 504
Cerebral palsy......Page 505
Down syndrome......Page 507
Conclusion......Page 512
References......Page 513
Index......Page 515