Integral Mechanical Attachment: A Resurgence of the Oldest Method of Joining

Integral Mechanical Attachment......Page 4
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 14
1.1 The Oldest Method of Joining: Using Natural Shapes and Forms......Page 20
1.2 The Process Evolves, But Not Much!......Page 22
1.3 Integral Attachment: A Form of Mechanical Joining......Page 25
1.4 Integral Mechanical Attachment vs. Mechanical Fastening and Fasteners......Page 29
1.5 Advantages of Integral Mechanical Attachment......Page 37
1.6 Potential Shortcomings of Integral Attachment......Page 40
1.7 Summary......Page 43
References......Page 44
2.1 Why Classify Things at All?......Page 46
2.2 Integral Attachment’s Place Within the Taxonomy of Joining Processes and Methods......Page 47
2.3 A Classification Scheme for Integral Attachments Based on Feature Character or Operation......Page 52
2.4 An Alternative Classification Scheme Based on Method of Feature or Joint Creation......Page 55
2.5 Rigid Versus Elastic Integral Attachment Methods......Page 57
2.6 Forces and Motions for Assembly of Rigid and Elastic Interlocks......Page 62
2.7 Plastic Attachment Methods......Page 66
2.8 Attachment Methods Versus Materials: Is It That Simple?......Page 69
References......Page 71
3.1 How Rigid Interlocks Work......Page 74
3.2 Sub-Classification Schemes for Rigid Interlocks......Page 76
3.3 Completely Rigid Interlocking Joint Elements or Completely Rigid Joints......Page 79
3.4 Integral Rigid Locking Features......Page 88
3.5 Integral Rigid Attachment Features......Page 99
3.6 Embedded Rigid Fasteners......Page 102
3.7 Rigid Couplings and Connectors......Page 105
3.8 Rigid Locating Features (or Locators) for Elastic Snap-Fit Assembly......Page 111
3.9 Joint and Attachment Feature Permanency......Page 112
3.10 Summary......Page 114
References......Page 120
4.1 How Elastic Interlocks Work......Page 122
4.2 Sub-Classification of Elastic Interlocks......Page 124
4.3 Elastic Integral Snap-Fits Used in Assembly of Plastic Parts......Page 126
4.4 Design Analysis for Snap-Fits......Page 140
4.5 Combining Assembly Motions for Snap-Fit Assembly Security......Page 142
4.6 Snap-Fit Feature Enhancements......Page 146
4.7 Hook-and-Loop Attachments......Page 150
4.8 Other Elastic Attachment Methods......Page 152
4.9 Summary......Page 158
References......Page 160
5.1 How Plastic (Formed-In) Interlocks Work......Page 162
5.2 Sub-Classification of Plastic (Formed-In) Interlocks......Page 165
5.3 Setting and Staking......Page 166
5.4 Metal Stitching and Metal Clinching......Page 167
5.5 Indentation-Type and Beaded-Assembly-Type Joints......Page 173
5.6 Crimping and Hemming......Page 174
5.7 Thermal Staking......Page 175
5.8 Formed Tabs......Page 178
5.9 Summary......Page 181
References......Page 183
6.1 Comparison of Methods: Relative Advantages and Disadvantages......Page 184
6.2 Classification of Integral Mechanical Attachment Methods......Page 187
6.3 Correlations Between Joint Materials and Attachment Methods......Page 189
6.4 Summary......Page 190
7.1 Properties of Metals That Facilitate Integral Mechanical Attachment......Page 196
7.2 Sheet-Metal Attachment Schemes and Attachments......Page 204
7.3 Casting Attachment Schemes and Attachments......Page 221
7.4 Extrusion Attachment Schemes and Attachments......Page 223
7.6 Machined Attachments......Page 225
7.7 Summary......Page 228
Bibliography......Page 230
8.1 Properties of Polymers That Facilitate Integral Mechanical Attachment......Page 232
8.2 Molded-In Integral Attachments......Page 240
8.3 Fastening and Molded-In and Other Inserts for Joining Plastic Parts......Page 241
8.4 Processed-In Attachments......Page 247
8.5 Rubber Connections......Page 248
8.6 Summary......Page 253
References......Page 256
9.1 Introduction to the Joining of Ceramics, Glasses, and Glass-Ceramics......Page 258
9.2 Properties of Ceramics That Favor Integral Mechanical Attachment......Page 266
9.3 Cast, Molded, and Compacted Attachments in Ceramics......Page 270
9.4 Embedded or Inserted Attachments in Ceramics......Page 271
9.5 Properties of Glasses That Facilitate Mechanical Attachment......Page 272
9.6 Glass-to-Glass Joining Versus Glass-to-Metal Joining......Page 277
9.7 Mechanical Methods for Glass-to-Glass Joining......Page 278
9.8 Glass-Metal Seals......Page 280
9.9 Mechanical Glass-Metal Seals......Page 284
9.10 Summary......Page 294
References......Page 295
10.1 Introduction to Cement, Concrete, and Masonry Units......Page 298
10.2 Properties of Concrete and Masonry Units That Facilitate Mechanical Attachment......Page 299
10.3 Pre-Cast Integral Attachment Features......Page 303
10.4 Embedded and Inserted Fastening Attachments......Page 309
10.5 Natural Shapes or Cut-In (Hewn) Shapes for Integral Mechanical Interlocking Stone Masonry Units......Page 315
10.6 Summary......Page 320
References......Page 321
11.1 Introduction to Wood as a Material......Page 322
11.2 Properties of Wood That Facilitate Integral Mechanical Attachment......Page 324
11.3 Engineered Wood Products......Page 330
11.4 General Options for Joining Wood......Page 332
11.5 Wood Joinery......Page 334
11.6 Enhancements for Integral Rigid Interlocks......Page 348
11.7 Integral Fasteners Used with Wood and Engineered Wood Products......Page 351
11.8 Summary......Page 352
Bibliography......Page 354
12.1 Demands of Electrical Connections That Favor Mechanical Attachment......Page 356
12.2 Options for Making Electrical Connections......Page 359
12.3 Soldered Electrical Connections......Page 366
12.4 Mechanical Pressure Electrical Connections......Page 367
12.5 Mechanical Attachments in Microelectronics......Page 372
12.7 Summary......Page 376
Bibliography......Page 379
13.1 What Has Changed? What Is Changing?......Page 380
13.2 Joining Methods Must Advance as Materials and Structures Advance......Page 388
13.3 What are the Likely Changes to be Expected or That Need to Occur?......Page 391
13.4 Moving to Larger Scale Applications of Integral Mechanical Attachment......Page 393
13.5 Moving to Smaller Scale Applications of Integral Mechanical Attachment......Page 398
13.6 Moving to Higher Performance of Integral Mechanical Attachments......Page 404
13.7 Integral Attachment in Biotechnology......Page 406
13.8 Integral Mechanical Attachments in Hostile Environments......Page 408
13.10 Closing Thoughts......Page 411
References......Page 412
Appendix A......Page 414
Appendix B......Page 415
Index......Page 420