Innovation in Tbm Traffic Tunnels

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Table of contents
About the Author
Ackowledgments
Foreword
Introduction
Chapter 1 The world of tunnelling
	Abstract
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Brief history of tunnelling
	1.3 Purpose of tunnels
	1.4 Tunnel construction techniques
		1.4.1 General
		1.4.2 Cut-and-cover tunnels
		1.4.3 Sequential excavation tunnels
		1.4.4 Immersed tunnels
		1.4.5 Bored (TBM) tunnels
	1.5 Landmarks in tunnel construction
	1.6 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 2 TBM tunnels
	Abstract
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Development of the TBMs
	2.3 Construction of tunnels with TBMs
	2.4 Types of TBMs
		2.4.1 General
		2.4.2 Hard rock TBMs
		2.4.3 Soft or fractured rock TBMs
		2.4.4 Soft ground TBMs
		2.4.5 Heterogeneous ground TBMs
		2.4.6 TBMs for urban and near surface tunnelling
		2.4.7 TBMs for undersea tunnels
	2.5 The race for the Mega TBMs
	2.6 Thickness of the precast segments of TBM tunnels
	2.7 Efficiency index of the cross-section of TBM road tunnels
	2.8 Construction costs of TBM railway and road tunnels
	2.9 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 3 Safety of traffic tunnels
	Abstract
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Safety of railway tunnels
	3.3 Safety of road tunnels
	3.4 Cross-section of railway tunnels
	3.5 Cross-section of road tunnels
	3.6 Emergency exits
	3.7 Ventilation systems
	3.8 Fire fighting systems
		3.8.1 General
		3.8.2 Fixed Fire Fighting Systems
	3.9 Safety in operation
	3.10 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 4 Current concepts in TBM traffic tunnels andnoteworthy examples
	Abstract
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 TBM railway tunnels
		4.2.1 Current concepts in TBM railway tunnels
		4.2.2 Three-tube tunnels with two single-track tubes
		4.2.3 Dual-tube tunnels with single-track tubes
		4.2.4 Mono-tube tunnels with two single-track galleries
	4.3 TBM road tunnels
		4.3.1 Current concepts in TBM road tunnels
		4.3.2 Dual-tube unidirectional tunnels
		4.3.3 Mono-tube double-deck unidirectional tunnels
	4.4 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 5 The TISB, TMG and TMF concepts
	Abstract
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Main challenges in TBM traffic tunnels
		5.2.1 TBM tunnels in soft ground in seismic areas
		5.2.2 Tunnel concepts and safety in operation of TBM traffic tunnels
	5.3 The TISB, TMG and TMF concepts
		5.3.1 The TISB concept
		5.3.2 The TMG concept
		5.3.3 The TMF concept
	5.4 Tunnelling based on TISB, TMG and TMF concepts
		5.4.1 Tunnel cross-sectional layout
		5.4.2 Inner diameter of tunnels
		5.4.3 Access ramps of road tunnels
		5.4.4 Structural verifications
		5.4.5 Execution of traffic galleries inside the tunnels
		5.4.6 Connections of cast-in-situ elements to the tunnel wall
		5.4.7 Execution of vertical access galleries
		5.4.8 Technical systems
		5.4.9 Safety in operation
	5.5 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 6 Rehabilitation of a TBM tunnel on soft ground in aseismic area based on the TISB concept
	Abstract
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Characteristics of the tunnel
	6.3 The incident
	6.4 The rehabilitation process
	6.5 Alternative solution based on the TISB concept
	6.6 Structural verifications
		6.6.1 Static behaviour
		6.6.2 Seismic behaviour
	6.7 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 7 TBM tunnels for high-speed railway lines (HSRL)based on the TMG concept
	Abstract
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 TBM tunnel concepts in HSRL
	7.3 TBM tunnels for HSRL based on the TMG concept
		7.3.1 General
		7.3.2 Lay-out of the tunnels
		7.3.3 Technical systems
		7.3.4 Safety in operation
		7.3.5 Costs
	7.4 Application in a railway tunnel at the HSRL Lisbon-Porto
	7.5 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 8 TBM tunnel solution for a road crossing on soft groundin a seismic area based on the TISB and TMF concepts
	Abstract
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 The options for the Algés-Trafaria crossing
		8.2.1 Bridge versus tunnel
		8.2.2 Immersed tunnel versus TBM tunnel
	8.3 TBM tunnel solution based on the TISB and TMF concepts
		8.3.1 Plan and longitudinal section of the tunnel
		8.3.2 Cross-section of the tunnel
		8.3.3 Structural safety
		8.3.4 Technical systems
		8.3.5 Safety in operation
		8.3.6 Estimated cost and financing
	8.4 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 9 TBM tunnel solution for a large mixed rail and roadcrossing based on the TMG and TMF concepts
	Abstract
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 The Fehmarnbelt Fixed Link
	9.3 The Immersed tunnel solution
		9.3.1 General description
		9.3.2 Environmental impact
		9.3.3 Safety in operation
		9.3.4 Cost
	9.4 The Basic TBM tunnel solution
		9.4.1 General description
		9.4.2 Environmental impact
		9.4.3 Safety in operation
		9.4.4 Cost
	9.5 Comparison between the Immersed tunnel solution and the basic TBM tunnel solution
	9.6 Alternative TBM tunnel solution based on theTMG and TMF concepts
		9.6.1 General description
		9.6.2 Environmental impact
		9.6.3 Technical systems
		9.6.4 Safety in operation
		9.6.5 Cost
	9.7 Comparison between the Immersed tunnel solution and the alternative TBM tunnel solution
		9.7.1 Introduction
		9.7.2 Environmental impact
		9.7.3 Technical risks during construction
		9.7.4 Proven technology
		9.7.5 Safety in operation
		9.7.6 Schedule and finances
	9.8 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 10 Conclusions and future perspectives
	Abstract
	10.1 Main conclusions
	10.2 Future perspectives
		10.2.1 Challenging applications
		10.2.2 New technological advances
	10.3 Final remarks
	References
Index