Innovating Schools

Foreword
Table of Contents
Introduction - Schooling for Tomorrow and Lifelong Learning
	Background and approaches
	Schooling for lifelong learning
		Curriculum issues
		Convergence or divergence?
	Innovation and reform
Part I. Historical Lessons and Future Perspectives
	Chapter 1. Constructing the School Curriculum for the Global Society
		Introduction
		The school curriculum in the modern nation state
			What are the similarities and differences between the areas of curriculum knowledge selected in each of the countries?
				Table 1. Areas of knowledge in the school curriculum of selected - Asian Pacific countries
			In what way is the school curriculum subject to policy direction?
			Why have governments in the Asia-Pacific region, irrespective of their ideological complexion...
		Constructing the school curriculum in a borderless world: from control to leadership
			Theoretical issues: from single to multiple conceptions of the school curriculum
				Figure 1. Multiple perspectives on the school curriculum
			Defining key competences for all students
			Highlighting the role of citizenship education
			Focusing on ethical behaviour and moral education
		A sense of community in a fragmenting world?
	Chapter 2.  Invariants and Change in Schools and Education Systems
		The focus on the invariants of education
		Schools: constantly criticised – but they survive
			Educability and change
		The structure of educational authority
		The constants of schools as formal organisations
			Selection, assignment, assessment
			School objectives
			Temporal and spatial arrangements
		The constancy of schools’ latent functions
Part II. Innovation and Change
	Chapter 3. Schools and the Future: the Key Role of Innovation
		Introduction
		The changing world of work and employment
		The changing character of schooling
			The challenge of home schooling
			Specialist schools
			Whither the inner-city common school?
		Investing in educational innovation
			Innovation and reform
			Keeping track of innovation and change
		Unresolved tensions
	Chapter 4. Innovation in Education: Managing the Future?
		Introduction
		Policies for innovation
			Three conceptions of policies for innovation in education
			National policies for innovation
		The meaning of innovation in education and training
			The theoretical basis
		The effects of innovation on education and training
			Different conceptions of the generalisation of innovation
			The desire to know the future
			Educational and political systems that support innovation
Part III. Policies and Perspectives from Japan
	Chapter 5. Japanese Educational Reform: Towards the 21st Century
		Schooling in the era of lifelong learning
		Central Council for Education’s report
		Revising the National Curriculum Guidelines (Courses of Study)
			The five-day school week
			Promoting diversity in upper secondary schools
	Chapter 6. The Caring Flexible School for Tomorrow
		Introduction
		The caring school environment
		Schooling beyond time and space
		The increasing gap among the pupils: old and new stories
		Conclusions
Rapporteur’s Conclusions
	Adapting the objectives of the school
	Developing new relationships
	Redefining the content
	A new learning infrastructure?
	Conclusion: why reform is not innovation
Appendix. International Examples of Innovative Schools: a Synthesis
	Introduction
	Key aims and outcomes
	Organisation and methods – new and traditional
		Technological and international influences on school organisation
		Class and teaching organisation
		The traditional alongside the new
	The key role of teachers
	The schools’ links to their different communities
		Schools, parents, local communities
		Employers and corporations
		Post-school education institutions
	Networking and innovation
		The school or schools of the future?
		Processes of innovation
	Innovative schools in favoured or disadvantaged environments?
Notes
References