Information Technology: Acquisitions, Contracts and Legacy Systems

Contents
Preface
Chapter 1
Information Technology:  Agencies Need to Involve Chief Information Officers in Reviewing Billions of Dollars in Acquisitions(
	Abbreviations
	Why GAO Did This Study
	What GAO Recommends
	What GAO Found
	Background
		Agencies Are to Follow Federal Requirements for Acquisitions
		Federal Law Establishes Agency IT  Management Responsibilities
		OMB Established Guidance for Agencies to Implement FITARA
	Agencies Identified $14.7 Billion in  IT Obligations, but Did Not Identify an Additional $4.5 Billion
	Most Agency CIOs Are Not Reviewing and Approving IT Acquisitions in Accordance  with OMB’s Requirements
	Conclusion
		Recommendations for Executive Action
	Agency Comments and Our Evaluation
		List of Committees
	Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology
	Appendix II: IT-Related Product  and Service Codes
	Appendix III: Estimated Total Fiscal Year 2016  IT Obligations by Agency
	Appendix IV: Agency Acquisition Processes Used to Review and Approve IT Acquisitions
	Appendix V: Details on Selected  IT Acquisitions
	Appendix VI: Comments from the  Department of Education
	Appendix VII: Comments from the  Department of Energy
	Appendix VIII: Comments from the Department  of Housing and Urban Development
	Appendix IX: Comments from the  Department of the Interior
	Appendix X: Comments from the  Department of Labor
	Appendix XI: Comment from the  Department of State
	Appendix XII: Comments from the  Department of Veterans Affairs
	Appendix XIII: Comments from the  Environmental Protection Agency
	Appendix XIV: Comments from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
	Appendix XV: Comments from the  Nuclear Regulatory Commission
	Appendix XVI: Comments from the Office of Personnel Management
	Appendix XVII: Comments from the Small  Business Administration
	Appendix XVIII: Comments from the Social Security Administration
	Appendix XIX: Comments from the U.S. Agency for International Development
Chapter 2
Information Technology:  Agencies Need Better Information on the Use of Noncompetitive and  Bridge Contracts(
	Abbreviations
	Why GAO Did This Study
	What GAO Recommends
	What GAO Found
	Background
		Awarding Contracts and Orders Noncompetitively
		Bridge Contracts
	Agencies Obligated More than $10 Billion Annually for Information Technology  on Noncompetitively Awarded Contracts  and Orders, but Unreliable Data  Obscures Full Picture
		IT Contract Obligations Totaled More than $50 Billion Annually
		Agencies Reported Obligating More than $15 Billion on Noncompetitive Contracts for IT Annually, but Full Extent of Noncompetitive Dollars Is Not Known Due to Unreliable Data
	Agencies Cited That Only One Contractor Could Meet the Need or Small Business Requirements  as Most Common Reasons for Awarding Noncompetitive Contracts
	An Estimated Eight Percent of Fiscal Year 2016 IT Noncompetitive Contracts and Orders  Were Bridges, and Agencies Have  Difficulty Managing Them
		An Estimated Eight Percent of IT Noncompetitive Contracts  and Orders in Fiscal Year 2016 Were Bridge Contracts
		Agencies Face Continued Challenges with Oversight  of Bridge Contracts
		Officials Frequently Cited Acquisition Planning Challenges as Necessitating the Use of a Bridge Contract
		In the Absence of Government-wide Guidance, Others Have Taken Steps to Define Bridge Contracts
	New Definition Narrows Scope of Legacy  IT Noncompetitive Contracts and Orders  to About Seven Percent
	Conclusion
	Recommendations for Executive Action
	Agency Comments and Our Evaluation
		List of Requesters
	Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology
		Selection Methodology for Generalizable Sample
	Appendix II: Comments from  the Department of Defense
	Appendix III: Comments from the Department  of Health and Human Services
	Appendix IV: Accessible Data
		Data Tables
Chapter 3
Information Technology: Agencies Need to Develop Modernization Plans  for Critical Legacy Systems(
	Abbreviations
	Why GAO Did This Study
	What GAO Recommends
	What GAO Found
	Background
		GAO Has Reported on the Need to Improve Oversight  of Legacy IT
		Congress and the Executive Branch Have Made Efforts  to Modernize Federal IT
	GAO Identified 10 Critical Federal Legacy Systems; Agencies Often Lack Complete  Plans for Their Modernization
		The Majority of Agencies Lack Complete Plans for Modernizing the Most Critical Legacy Systems
		Agencies Reported a Variety of IT Modernization Successes
	Conclusion
	Recommendations for Executive Action
	Agency Comments and Our Evaluation
		List of Requesters
	Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology
	Appendix II: The 24 Chief Financial Officers Act Agencies’ Most Critical Legacy Systems  in Need of Modernization
	Appendix III: Profiles of the 10 Most Critical Legacy Systems in Need of Modernization
		System 1
		System 2
		System 3
		System 4
		System 5
		System 6
		System 7
		System 8
		System 9
		System 10
	Appendix IV: Comments from  the Department of Education
	Appendix V: Comments from the Department  of Health and Human Services
	Appendix VI: Comments from the Department  of Homeland Security
	Appendix VII: Comments from the Internal Revenue Service
	Appendix VIII: Comments from the Office  of Personnel Management
	Appendix IX: Comments from the Small  Business Administration
	Appendix X: Comments from the Social  Security Administration
	Appendix XI: Comments from the Department of Housing and Urban Development
	Appendix XII: Comments from the U.S. Agency  for International Development
Index
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