Information Retrieval Interaction

Title Page......Page 1
Colophone......Page 2
Contents......Page 3
Acknowledgements......Page 5
Introduction......Page 7
1.1  The emergence of information science......Page 11
1.1.1  Alliances, identity or exaggeration?......Page 15
1.1.2  The turning-point 1977–1980......Page 19
1.2  The scope of information science......Page 21
1.2.1  Current and future trends......Page 23
2. The Cognitive View and Information......Page 25
2.1  The cognitive viewpoint versus cognitivism......Page 29
2.2  Understanding information in information science......Page 36
2.2.1  Consolidation of the information concept......Page 40
2.2.2  Implications of the information concept......Page 44
2.3  Information science seen as a cognitive science......Page 47
2.4  Hermeneutics in IR interaction......Page 51
2.5  Summary statements......Page 57
3.1  Essential issues in IR......Page 59
3.1.1  Aboutness and representation......Page 60
3.1.2  Relevance – the Dark Matter problem in IR......Page 64
3.1.3  Simplistic IR interaction......Page 65
3.2  Major IR research approaches – an overview......Page 67
4. The Traditional IR Research Approach......Page 71
4.1  Classification theories......Page 73
4.2  Indexing theory, controlled vocabulary issues......Page 74
4.3  Natural language representation......Page 77
4.3.2  Single term natural language representation......Page 78
4.3.3  Single term in context NLR......Page 79
4.3.4  Single term extraction incorporating weighting......Page 80
4.4  IR technique developments......Page 82
4.4.1  The vector space model......Page 83
4.4.2  The probabilistic model......Page 84
4.4.3  Clustering techniques......Page 85
4.5  Relevance measurement techniques......Page 88
4.6  Summary statements......Page 90
5. The User-oriented IR Research Approach......Page 93
5.1  The role of the intermediary and the user in IR......Page 97
5.1.1  The intermediary and user in exact match IR......Page 98
5.1.2  The intermediary and user in partial match IR......Page 99
5.1.3  Major intermediary functions......Page 100
5.2  Major empirical user studies......Page 101
5.2.1  Qualitative methodological issues......Page 103
5.2.2  Obtrusiveness and uncertainty......Page 105
5.2.3  Experimental settings......Page 106
5.3  Empirical investigations of user-intermediary-system interaction......Page 109
5.3.1  Human intermediary IR behaviour......Page 110
5.3.2  Human intermediary-user interaction during retrieval......Page 111
5.3.3  Online IR interaction behaviour......Page 113
5.3.4  Fiction retrieval – strategies and dimension......Page 114
5.4  Pre-search interviewing investigations, excluding retrieval......Page 115
5.4.1  The MONSTRAT Model......Page 116
5.4.2  Critique of the MONSTRAT Model......Page 120
5.5.1  The nature of the information need......Page 122
5.5.2  Types of information needs – the label effec......Page 126
5.5.3  Question analysis and browsing issues......Page 128
5.5.4  User models and search interviewing......Page 129
5.5.5  Intermediary design in online IR settings......Page 130
5.6  Summary of analytic and empirical user-oriented studies......Page 131
6. IR Interaction – the Cognitive Turn......Page 133
6.1  Personal cognitive structures relevant to IR......Page 134
6.1.1  Categorial and situational classification......Page 138
6.1.2  Personal knowledge states in IR......Page 141
6.2.1  Major knowledge structures in information space......Page 144
6.2.2  Major knowledge structures in intermediaries......Page 146
6.2.3  Users’ cognitive structures......Page 150
6.2.4  Knowledge characteristics of the actual user......Page 151
6.2.5  Collective cognitive structures in IR interaction......Page 155
6.3  Design and evaluation methodologies in IR interaction......Page 156
6.3.1  Planning design and evaluation......Page 158
6.3.2  Functional use assessments in evaluation......Page 160
6.3.3  Relevance assessment issues......Page 161
6.3.4  Evaluation from a social-organisational perspective......Page 162
6.3.5  Dimensions of Information Quality – IQ......Page 165
6.4  Summary statements......Page 166
7. The Cognitive IR Research Approach......Page 167
7.1  Selected intermediary designs in IR......Page 170
7.1.1  The ‘intelligent’ IR expert system design – I3R......Page 171
7.1.2  Non-inferential IR design supporting user expertise – the Bookhouse......Page 174
7.1.3  Knowledge-based IR assistance design – KIRA......Page 177
7.1.4  Supportive user model building design – Euromath......Page 178
7.1.5  ‘Intelligent’ user model building design – IR-NLI......Page 181
7.1.6  Inferential design supporting the search process – OAKDEC......Page 183
7.1.7  Meta-characteristics of intermediary designs......Page 184
7.2  ‘Intelligent’ user model building vs supportive mechanisms in IR......Page 185
7.2.1  The purposes of user model building......Page 188
7.3  The supportive user model building approach......Page 191
7.3.1  The role of feedback from IR systems......Page 193
7.4  Knowledge-based adaptive IR interaction......Page 196
7.4.1  Extending adaption to IR system features......Page 199
7.4.2  Natural language in IR interaction......Page 200
7.5  Towards a contextual IR theory?......Page 204
7.6  Summary......Page 211
8. The Mediator Model......Page 213
8.1  The framework of the Mediator Model......Page 214
8.1.1  Sub-functions in the Mediator Model......Page 216
8.2  The use of the framework......Page 230
9. Conclusions......Page 233
Definitions......Page 237
References......Page 241
Subject Index......Page 251