Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy (DCMi): Pathogenesis and Therapy

Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy (DCMi) - Pathogenesis and Therapy (Progress in Inflammation Research)......Page 1
Front-matter......Page 2
Title Page\r......Page 4
Copyright Page\r......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
List of contributors......Page 8
Preface......Page 12
Part 1\rMyocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy — clinical management, epidemiology and prognosis......Page 15
Classification and etiology of pericardial disease......Page 17
Echocardiography......Page 20
Chronic pericarditis......Page 21
Recurrent (relapsing) pericarditis......Page 23
Pericardial effusion......Page 24
Cardiac tamponade......Page 27
Constrictive pericarditis......Page 29
Specific forms of pericarditis......Page 30
Viral pericarditis......Page 31
Pericarditis in renal failure......Page 33
Post-infarction pericarditis......Page 34
References......Page 35
Epidemiology and prognosis of myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: Predictive value of clinical parameters and biopsy findings......Page 39
Pathological features......Page 40
Clinical presentations......Page 41
Natural history......Page 42
Predictors of outcome......Page 43
Indications for endomyocardial biopsy......Page 45
Conclusions......Page 46
References......Page 47
Part 2\rAnimal models of myocarditis — autoimmunity and viral infection; therapeutic interventions......Page 49
The murine autoimmune myocarditis models......Page 51
Targeting the recruitment of inflammatory cells in murine autoimmune myocarditis......Page 52
Modulating different T helper cell subsets in murine autoimmune myocarditis......Page 53
Pharmacological interventions in murine autoimmune myocarditis......Page 54
Conclusions......Page 55
References......Page 58
Introduction......Page 65
CVB-induced myocarditis in inbred murine strains – A clue to the genetics of disease susceptibility......Page 66
Pathogenesis and distinct phases of CVB-induced myocarditis......Page 67
Specific therapeutic strategies in CVB-induced murine myocarditis......Page 69
Interference with viral entry mechanisms and antiviral immunomodulation......Page 71
Immunomodulation of T cell response......Page 72
Immunomodulation with cytokines......Page 73
Immunomodulation of the innate immune system......Page 74
References......Page 75
Introduction......Page 85
Inflammation and cytokines in AMC and DCM......Page 86
Myocardial ECM: Collagen network, regulation of MMPs and TIMPs, and effects of cytokines......Page 87
Heart failure, cytokines and ECM remodeling......Page 90
Remodeling of the ECM in AMC and DCMi......Page 91
References......Page 93
Part 3\rAlterations of the immune system in human viral and inflammatory cardiomyopathy......Page 103
Introduction......Page 105
Normal cardiac structure......Page 106
Dilated cardiomyopathy......Page 109
Clinical genetics of DCM......Page 110
X-linked cardiomyopathies......Page 111
Autosomal dominant DCM......Page 113
Muscle is muscle: Cardiomyopathy and skeletal myopathy genes overlap......Page 116
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy......Page 117
Clinical aspects of HCM......Page 118
Genetics of familial HCM......Page 119
Gene identification in FHC......Page 120
Myosin subunits......Page 121
Thin filament proteins......Page 122
Genotype-phenotype relations in FHC......Page 123
Therapy in HCM......Page 124
Infiltrative forms of HCM......Page 125
AMP-activated protein kinase......Page 127
Energy-dependent forms of HCM......Page 128
Left ventricular noncompaction......Page 129
Etiology......Page 132
Epidemiology......Page 133
Diagnostic tests......Page 134
Pathophysiology......Page 142
Pathology......Page 143
Support for viral cause-and-effect relationship with myocarditis......Page 144
Treatment......Page 145
Vaccination......Page 147
Conclusions......Page 148
References......Page 149
Introduction......Page 171
Formation of cardiac autoantibodies......Page 172
Pathogenic relevance of cardiac autoantibodies in DCM......Page 173
Mitochondrial proteins......Page 174
Myocyte structural proteins......Page 175
Membrane receptor proteins......Page 176
Clinical relevance of cardiac B1-AR antibodies and future perspectives......Page 178
References......Page 179
Introduction......Page 185
Adaptive effects......Page 186
Maladaptive effects......Page 187
Adaptive effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines in viral myocarditis......Page 189
Conclusion......Page 191
References......Page 192
Part 4\rDiagnosis of inflammatory and viral cardiomyopathy......Page 197
Introduction......Page 199
Classifications......Page 200
The Dallas classification: Pros and cons......Page 201
Quantification of inflammation and the issue of “normal myocardium”......Page 202
Immunohistochemistry: A technical implementation......Page 203
“Borderline myocarditis”......Page 206
Conclusions......Page 208
References......Page 209
Definition of inflammatory cardiomyopathy......Page 215
Epidemiology and clinical prognostic parameters of AMC and DCM......Page 216
Pathogenic mechanisms of AMC and DCMi......Page 217
Histological assessment of myocarditis......Page 220
Immunohistological diagnosis of DCMi......Page 221
Molecular biological detection of viral genomes in EMBs......Page 227
References......Page 231
Cardiac magnetic resonance in myocarditis......Page 241
Tissue characterization......Page 242
References......Page 247
Part 5\rTreatment strategies in inflammatory cardiomyopathy patients......Page 251
Introduction......Page 253
Fulminant myocarditis......Page 256
Chronic active myocarditis......Page 258
Peripartum cardiomyopathy with myocarditis......Page 260
Acute myocardial infarction with normal coronaries......Page 261
Immunosuppressive therapy......Page 262
Intravenous immunoglobulin......Page 263
Summary......Page 264
References......Page 265
General view......Page 271
Immunosuppressive treatment in inflammatory cardiomyopathy......Page 272
References......Page 275
Introduction......Page 279
Course of viral infection in human AMC and DCM......Page 280
Antiviral immunomodulation with IFNs......Page 281
Anti-viral IFN treatment in human chronic viral cardiomyopathy......Page 282
References......Page 287
Abnormalities of the cellular and humoral immune system in dilated cardiomyopathy......Page 293
Immunoadsorption as a new therapeutic principle for treatment of DCM......Page 295
The beneficial effects of IA are related to removal of cardiac antibodies......Page 297
Role of IgG subclass 3 antibodies......Page 298
Fc y receptors IIa on cardiomyocytes and their potential functional relevance in DCM......Page 299
References......Page 300
Index......Page 305