Infantile Anterior Segment Disorders

What You Will Find in This Book
Prologue
Contents
1 Anatomy, Physiology and Embryology
	1.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Anterior Segment of the Eye
	1.2 Embryology of the Anterior Segment of the Eye
	1.3 Genes Associated with Ocular Embryology
	References
2 Childhood Glaucoma
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 General Aspects in Childhood Glaucoma
		2.2.1 Definition of Childhood Glaucoma and Childhood Glaucoma Suspect
		2.2.2 Classification and General Epidemiology of Childhood Glaucoma
		2.2.3 Medical History and Diagnostic Considerations
		2.2.4 Differential Diagnosis in Childhood Glaucoma
		2.2.5 Childhood Glaucoma Flowchart
	2.3 Forms of Childhood Glaucoma
		2.3.1 Primary Forms
		2.3.2 Secondary Forms
	2.4 Therapeutic Options in Childhood Glaucoma
		2.4.1 Conservative Treatment Options
		2.4.2 Surgical Approaches
	2.5 Future Directions and Concluding Remarks
	References
3 Congenital Corneal Opacities
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Anatomy, Physiology, Metabolism and Embryology of the Cornea
		3.2.1 Anatomy of the Cornea
		3.2.2 Physiology of the Cornea
		3.2.3 Embryology
	3.3 Clinical History, Examination and Further Diagnostics
		3.3.1 Clinical History
		3.3.2 Examination and Further Diagnostics
	3.4 Clinical Features and Genetics
	3.5 Primary Corneal Disease
		3.5.1 Corneal Dystrophies
		3.5.2 Corneal Structure Defects Due to Dermoids
		3.5.3 CYP1B1 Cytopathy
		3.5.4 Sclerocornea
	3.6 Secondary Corneal Disease: Developmental Abnormalities of the Anterior Segment
		3.6.1 Irido-Corneal Dysgenesis
		3.6.2 Irido-Trabecular Dysgenesis
		3.6.3 Ectasia of the Anterior Segment
		3.6.4 Keratoglobus
		3.6.5 Brittle Cornea Syndrome (BCS)
		3.6.6 Microcornea as a Form of Anterior Section Anomaly
		3.6.7 Primary Congenital Glaucoma
		3.6.8 Intracorneal Cyst
	3.7 Secondary Corneal Disease: Acquired Corneal Disease
		3.7.1 Metabolic Disease
		3.7.2 Ichthyosis, X-linked Recessive
		3.7.3 Trauma
		3.7.4 Infectious Keratitis
		3.7.5 Vernal Conjunctivitis
	3.8 Surgical Procedures for Congenital Corneal Opacity
		3.8.1 Special Features of Corneal Surgery and Post-operative Examination
		3.8.2 The Child’s Phototherapeutic Keratectomy (PTK)
		3.8.3 Crosslinking for Keratoconus
		3.8.4 Sectoral Iridectomy
		3.8.5 Selective Endothelialectomy or Removal (SER)
		3.8.6 Pediatric Penetrating Keratoplasty (PKP)
		3.8.7 Sandwich Technique of PKP in Infants
		3.8.8 Pediatric Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK)
		3.8.9 Pediatric Endothelial Transplantation
	3.9 Conclusion
	References
4 Congenital Cataract
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Embryology
	4.3 Clinical History and Examination of Child
	4.4 Clinical Features and Molecular Diagnosis of Congenital Cataracts
	4.5 Conservative and Surgical Procedures for Congenital Cataract
		4.5.1 Pre-operative Evaluation
		4.5.2 Wound Healing
		4.5.3 Capsolutomy
		4.5.4 Technique for Cataract Extraction
		4.5.5 Posterior-Capsule Management
	4.6 Complications
		4.6.1 Vision Rehabilitation
	References
5 Pediatric Diseases in the Context of Infantile Anterior Segment Disorders
	5.1 Developmental Disorders of the Anterior Segment of the Eye
		5.1.1 Posterior Embryotoxon
		5.1.2 Axenfeld-Rieger Spectrum
		5.1.3 Peters Anomaly and Peters Plus Syndrome
		5.1.4 Primary Congenital Glaucoma
		5.1.5 Aniridia
		5.1.6 Corneal Dystrophies
		5.1.7 Sclerocornea
		5.1.8 Megalocornea
		5.1.9 Iridogoniodysgenesis Syndrome
	5.2 Inherited Metabolic Disorders Associated with Anomalies of the Anterior Segment
	5.3 Infectious Causes for Diseases of the Anterior Segment
		5.3.1 Herpes Keratitis
		5.3.2 Chlamydia Keratoconjunctivitis
		5.3.3 Gonococcal Conjunctivitis
	5.4 Other Diseases Associated with Anomalies of the Anterior Segment
		5.4.1 X-chromosomal Ichthyosis
		5.4.2 Goldenhar Gorlin Syndrome
	References
Index