Industry 4.0: Technologies, Applications, and Challenges

Contents
Industry 4.0 Concepts, Technologies, and Its Ecosystem
	1 Introduction
		1.1 The First Industrial Revolution (1765)
		1.2 The Second Industrial Revolution (1870)
		1.3 The Third Industrial Revolution (1969)
		1.4 The Fourth Industrial Revolution
		1.5 Industry 4.0 Design Principles
	2 Technology Pillars of Industry 4.0
		2.1 Internet of Things
		2.2 Cyber-Physical Systems
		2.3 Cloud Computing
		2.4 Artificial Intelligence
		2.5 Service-Oriented Architecture
		2.6 Capability and Competency
	3 Industry 4.0 Ecosystem
	4 Enterprise Architecture in Industry 4.0 Era
	5 Industry 4.0: Challenges and Opportunities
		5.1 Challenges and Issues of Implementing Industry 4.0
		5.2 Opportunities of Industry 4.0
		5.3 Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats of Industry 4.0
	6 Conclusion
	References
Cyber-Physical Systems—Manufacturing Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Requirements for CPS
	3 Cyber-Physical Systems in the Context of Industry 4.0
		3.1 Industry 4.0
	4 Embedded Systems Foundations of Cyber-Physical Systems
	5 Cyber-Physical Systems Security: Limitations, Issues, and Future Trends
	6 Challenges and Vision
		6.1 Cyber-Physical Systems and Design Challenges
		6.2 Challenges for Wireless CPS
		6.3 Remote Container Monitoring
		6.4 Multilayer CPS Design
		6.5 Energy Efficiency
	7 Cyber-Physical Systems’ Applications
		7.1 Cyber-Physical System (CPS) Architecture for Real-Time Water Sustainability Management in Manufacturing Industry
		7.2 Cyber-Physical-Based PAT (CPbPAT) Framework for Pharma 4.0
	8 Conclusions
	References
Internet of Things: Success Stores and Challenges in Manufacturing
	1 Introduction
	2 Structure of Iot
		2.1 Identification
		2.2 Sensing
		2.3 Communication
		2.4 Computation
		2.5 Services
		2.6 Semantics
	3 Layers and Components Iot
		3.1 Sensing Layer
		3.2 Network Layer
		3.3 Application Layer
	4 Applications in Iot
		4.1 Smart Cities
		4.2 Health Care
		4.3 Smart Homes and Smart Buildings
		4.4 Mobility and Transportation
		4.5 Smart Agriculture
		4.6 Wearables
		4.7 Smart Retail and Supply Chains
	5 Iot in Manufacturing
		5.1 IoT and Industry 4.0
		5.2 Usage of IoT
		5.3 Manufacturing Applications of IoT
	6 Challenges
		6.1 Socio-Ethical Considerations
		6.2 Technological Limits
		6.3 IoT Security
		6.4 Legislation and Governance
	7 The Future of Iot
		7.1 Internet of Everything (Ioe)
		7.2 Sensor as a Service
	8 Conclusion
	References
Blockchain Technology and Its Role in Industry 4.0
	1 Introduction to Blockchain Technology
	2 Blockchain Architecture
	3 Blockchain Transaction Process
	4 Blockchain Infrastructures
	5 Consensus Algorithms
		5.1 Approaches to Consensus
	6 Characteristics of Blockchain Technology
	7 Advantages and Challenges of Blockchain Technology
		7.1 Challenges of Blockchain Technology
		7.2 Disadvantages of Blockchain Technology
	8 How to Determine Whether You Need Blockchain Technology
	9 Blockchain Technology Applications in Industries
		9.1 Financial Industry
		9.2 Healthcare Industry
		9.3 Logistics Industry
		9.4 Manufacturing Industry
		9.5 Energy Industry
	References
Blockchain Technology Application in Manufacturing
	1 Introduction
	2 Application of Blockchain
		2.1 Smart Contract
		2.2 Private Network
	3 Case Studies
		3.1 Trust System for Cloud Manufacturing
		3.2 Supply Chain Application 
	4 Conclusion
	References
Virtual Manufacturing, Technologies, and Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Definition of Virtual Manufacturing
	3 Paradigms of Virtual Manufacturing
		3.1 Virtual Manufacturing Technology
	4 Technical Support for Virtual Manufacturing
		4.1 Virtual Reality
		4.2 Augmented Reality
		4.3 Mixed Reality
		4.4 X-Reality
	5 Applications of VR
		5.1 Health Care
		5.2 Education
	6 Virtual Manufacturing System Applications
	7 Advantages, Disadvantages, Challenges, and Future of VR
		7.1 Advantages
		7.2 Disadvantages
		7.3 Challenges
		7.4 Future
	8 Conclusion
	References
Digital Twin and Its Applications
	1 Introduction to Digital Twin
	2 Digital Twin Architecture
		2.1 Digital Twin–The Fundamentals
		2.2 Digital Twin Architecture
		2.3 How Does Digital Twin Works?
	3 Digital Twins Tools and Technologies
		3.1 Digital Twin Technologies
		3.2 Product Design Process Based on Digital Twin
		3.3 The Future, Present, and Past of Digital Twin Technology
	4 Digital Twin in Industry 4.0
	5 Digital Twin Applications
	6 Digital Twin Challenges
		6.1 Benefits of Digital Twin
	References
Big Data Analytics in Industry 4.0
	1 Introduction
		1.1 History of Big Data
		1.2 What Is Big Data?
		1.3 Application Areas of Big Data
	2 Big Data Characteristics
		2.1 Volume
		2.2 Velocity
		2.3 Variety
		2.4 Static and Streaming Data
		2.5 Formats of Data
	3 Big Data Analytics
		3.1 An Example of Big Data Analytics Architecture for Industry 4.0
		3.2 Methods and Relations
		3.3 Big Data Tools
		3.4 Applications to Industry 4.0
		3.5 Computational Aspects of Big Data
		3.6 Opportunities and Challenges of Big Data Analytics
	References
Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management: Challenge and Future Perspectives
	1 Introduction
	2 Supply Chain Definition and Structure
		2.1 Maximizing the Surplus
		2.2 Maximizing Consumer Satisfaction
	3 Managing Information Flow
	4 Materials Flow in Supply Chain
	5 Problems
		5.1 Information Flow Problems
		5.2 Track and Tracing
	6 Blockchain and Distributer Ledger
		6.1 Data Layer
		6.2 Network Layer
		6.3 Consensus Layer
		6.4 Incentive Layer
		6.5 Contract Layer
		6.6 Application Layer
	7 Types of Blockchain
		7.1 Public Blockchain
		7.2 Private Blockchain
	8 Discussion and Implications
	9 Conclusion
	References
Toward Pharma 4.0 in Drug Discovery
	1 Introduction
	2 Drug Discovery
		2.1 The Drug Discovery Process
	3 Beyond Traditional Applications
		3.1 AI and Machine Learning in Drug Discovery
		3.2 Chemoinformatics
	4 Pharma 4.0 for Drug Discovery
	5 Conclusion
	References
What Military 4.0 IS: Applications and Challenges
	1 Introduction
	2 Application of Industry 4.0 in Military Sector
		2.1 Logistic
		2.2 Track and Tracing Systems
	3 Conclusion
	References
Toward Industry 5.0: Cognitive Cyber-Physical System
	1 Introduction
	2 Industrial Revolution
		2.1 Industry 5.0 Evolution Drivers
	3 Cyber-Physical System
	4 Applications of Cognitive Cyber-Physical System
	5 Cognitive Cyber-Physical Systems (C-CPS)
	6 Key Cognitive Functions in C-CPS
		6.1 Attention in C-CPS
		6.2 Perception in C-CPS
		6.3 Memory and C-CPS
		6.4 Problem-Solving in C-CPS
		6.5 Knowledge Representation and Reasoning in C-CPS
	7 Cognitive Cyber-Physical System Features
	8 Discussion
	9 Conclusion
	References