Industrial Organic Chemistry

Cover
Half Title
Also of interest
Industrial Organic Chemistry
Copyright
Preface 2nd edition
Preface
Contents
1. Introduction, overview, and history
	1.1 Introduction and overview
	1.2 Historical overview
		1.2.1 The rise of the use of oil in the late 1800s
		1.2.2 Petroleum consumption in the early 1900s, the First World War
		1.2.3 Petroleum consumption during the Second World War
		1.2.4 Post-World War II plastic production
	1.3 World petroleum production
	1.4 World petroleum use
	1.5 Bio-based organic chemical production
	References
2. Petroleum refining
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Refining for fuel
		2.2.1 Desalting
		2.2.2 Distillation
		2.2.3 Hydrotreating or hydroprocessing
		2.2.4 Cracking or hydrocracking
		2.2.5 Coking
		2.2.6 Visbreaking
		2.2.7 Steam cracking
		2.2.8 Catalytic reformers
		2.2.9 Alkylation
		2.2.10 Removal of the natural gas fraction (the C1)
		2.2.11 Sulfur recovery
	2.3 Commodity chemicals
	2.4 Monomers
	2.5 Pollution and recycling
	References
3. The C1 fraction
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Methane
	3.3 Methanol
	3.4 Acetic acid
	3.5 Formic acid
	3.6 Formaldehyde
	3.7 CO and CO2
		3.7.1 Carbon monoxide
		3.7.2 Carbon dioxide
	3.8 Dichloromethane
	3.9 Chloroform
	3.10 Chlorofluorocarbon compounds
	3.11 Hydrogen
	3.12 Recycling and reuse
	References
4. The C2 fraction
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Ethane
	4.3 Ethylene
	4.4 Ethylene oxide
	4.5 Acetaldehyde and acetic acid
	4.6 Ethanol
		4.6.1 Ethanol as fuel
	4.7 Acetylene
	4.8 Vinyl derivatives
	4.9 Recycling
	References
5. The C3 fraction
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Propane
	5.3 Propylene/propene
	5.4 Propylene oxide
	5.5 Acetone (and phenol)
	5.6 Isopropanol
	5.7 Acrolein
	5.8 Acrylonitrile
	5.9 Recycling and reuse
	References
6. The C4 fraction
	6.1 Butane
		6.1.1 n-Butane
		6.1.2 Isobutane
	6.2 Butadiene
	6.3 Monomers for rubber
	6.4 Recycling
	References
7. The C5–C8 fraction
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Light fuels
	7.3 Gasoline
		7.3.1 Gasoline as a liquid fuel
		7.3.2 Gasoline additives
	7.4 RON and MON
	References
8. Benzene, toluene, xylene
	8.1 Isolation
	8.2 Solvents
	8.3 Benzene
		8.3.1 Steam cracking or catalytic reforming
		8.3.2 Toluene hydrodealkylation
		8.3.3 Toluene disproportionation
	8.4 Fuel
	8.5 Ethylbenzene and styrene
	8.6 Cumene
	8.7 Cyclohexane
	8.8 Aniline
	8.9 Chlorobenzene
	8.10 Toluene diisocyanate
	8.11 Trinitrotoluene
	8.12 Xylene
	8.13 Terephthalic acid
	8.14 Dimethyl terephthalate
	8.15 Phthalic anhydride
	8.16 Recycling and reuse
	References
9. The higher alkanes
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Fuel oil
	9.3 Lubricating oils
	9.4 Paraffin
	9.5 Recycling and reuse
	References
10. Further oils and lubricants
	10.1 Polyalpha olefins
	10.2 Polyalkalene glycols
	10.3 Silicones
	10.4 Recycling and reuse
	References
11. Fuels, biofuels
	11.1 Gasoline
	11.2 Bioethanol
	11.3 Diesel and biodiesel
	11.4 Kerosene and jet fuel
	11.5 Biobutanol
	References
12. Polymers
	12.1 Introduction and history
	12.2 Resin identification code 1–6
		12.2.1 RIC 1, polyethylene terephthalate
		12.2.2 RIC 2 and RIC 4, high-density polyethylene and low-density polyethylene
		12.2.3 RIC 3, polyvinylchloride
		12.2.4 RIC 5, polypropylene (PP)
		12.2.5 RIC 6, polystyrene (PS)
	12.3 Thermoplastics
	12.4 Thermosets
	12.5 Specialty plastics
	12.6 Bio-based plastics
		12.6.1 Polylactic acid
	12.7 Recycling
	References
13. Naphthalene and higher polyaromatics
	13.1 Production
	13.2 Naphthalene
	13.3 Anthracene
	13.4 Anthraquinone
	13.5 Recycling and reuse
	References
14. Coal as a source
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Coal gasification
	14.3 Coal liquefaction
	14.4 Recycling and reuse
	References
15. Pharmaceuticals
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Source materials
	15.3 Classifications
		15.3.1 Top 100 prescription medications
		15.3.2 Major over-the-counter medicines
	15.4 Development
	15.5 Production methods
		15.5.1 Aspirin synthesis
		15.5.2 Acetaminophen
		15.5.3 Ibuprofen
		15.5.4 Codeine
		15.5.5 Morphine
	15.6 Reuse and recycling
	References
16. Food chemicals and food additives
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Vitamins
		16.2.1 Vitamin A
		16.2.2 Vitamin B1
		16.2.3 Vitamin B2
		16.2.4 Vitamin B3
		16.2.5 Vitamin B5
		16.2.6 Vitamin B6
		16.2.7 Vitamin B7
		16.2.8 Vitamin B9
		16.2.9 Vitamin B12
		16.2.10 Vitamin C
		16.2.11 Vitamin D
		16.2.12 Vitamin E
		16.2.13 Vitamin K
		16.2.14 Vitamin F
		16.2.15 Vitamin uses
	16.3 Food additives
		16.3.1 Food coloring
		16.3.2 Flavor enhancers
		16.3.3 Preserving freshness
		16.3.4 Enhancing mouth feel
		16.3.5 Inorganic additives
	16.4 Food additive production
	16.5 Recycling or reuse
	References
17. Agrochemicals
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Ammonia
	17.3 Ammonia-based fertilizers
		17.3.1 Ammonium nitrate
		17.3.2 Urea
		17.3.3 Ammonium sulfate
		17.3.4 Mixed fertilizers
	17.4 Pesticides
		17.4.1 Herbicides
		17.4.2 Insecticides
	17.5 Reuse and recycling
	References
Subject index