India–Vietnam Relations: Development Dynamics and Strategic Alignment (Dynamics of Asian Development)

Foreword by the Ambassador of India to Vietnam
Foreword by the Ambassador of Vietnam to India
Preface
Acknowledgements
List of Interviewees
Contents
About the Authors
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Images
List of Tables
1 Histories, Affinities, and Leaders: Vietnam–India Political and Diplomatic Ties
	1.1 Historical Background of India–Vietnam Relations
		1.1.1 Early Contacts
		1.1.2 Colonial Period
	1.2 India–Vietnam Political and Diplomatic Relations During the Cold War
		1.2.1 India–Vietnam Relations Under Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–1964)
		1.2.2 India–Vietnam Relations Under L. B. Shastri (1964–1966)
		1.2.3 India–Vietnam Relations Under Indira Gandhi (1966–1977)
		1.2.4 India–Vietnam Relations Under Morarji Desai (1977–1980)
		1.2.5 India–Vietnam Relations Under Indira Gandhi (1980–1984)
		1.2.6 India–Vietnam Relations Under Rajiv Gandhi (1985–1991)
	1.3 India–Vietnam Political and Diplomatic Relations Post-cold War
		1.3.1 Towards a Comprehensive Partnership (1991–2003)
		1.3.2 Toward Strategic Partnership (2003–2007)
		1.3.3 Toward Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (2007–2016)
		1.3.4 Strengthening Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (2016–2020)
		1.3.5 Promoting India–Vietnam Relations in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic
	1.4 Visionary Leaders
		1.4.1 Mahatma Gandhi
		1.4.2 President Ho Chi Minh
	1.5 Conclusion
	References
2 India–Vietnam Cultural Linkages
	2.1 India, Vietnam, and Southeast Asia—Cultural and Civilizational Links
	2.2 Indian Cultural Imprints in Vietnam
		2.2.1 Buddhist Imprints
		2.2.2 Hindu Imprints
	2.3 People Imprints: Rabindranath Tagore’s Visit to Vietnam
	2.4 India–Vietnam Cultural Cooperation in the New Millennium
		2.4.1 Cultural Cooperation Activities
		2.4.2 Swami Vivekananda Cultural Centre, Hanoi
		2.4.3 Centre for Vietnam Studies, New Delhi
	2.5 Conclusion
	References
3 Foreign Policies of Vietnam and India: Articulating Convergences
	3.1 Vietnam’s Position in India’s Foreign Policy
		3.1.1 Overview of India’s Foreign Policy
		3.1.2 Vietnam in India’s Act East Policy
		3.1.3 Vietnam in India’s Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI)
	3.2 India’s Position in Vietnam’s Policy
		3.2.1 Overview of Vietnam’s Foreign Policy
		3.2.2 Political and Strategic Dimensions
		3.2.3 Economic Dimension
		3.2.4 Cultural Dimension
		3.2.5 Other Dimensions
	3.3 Implications for Strengthening India–Vietnam Relations
	3.4 Conclusion
	References
4 India–Vietnam Economic Relations and Development Dynamics
	4.1 The Context
		4.1.1 Macroeconomy of Vietnam
		4.1.2 Macroeconomy of India
		4.1.3 Developing Synergies: India and Vietnam
	4.2 India and Vietnam: Trade Relations
		4.2.1 Bilateral Trade: Slow Growth
		4.2.2 India’s Key Exports to Vietnam
		4.2.3 India’s Imports from Vietnam
		4.2.4 Bilateral Trade of India and Vietnam—Exports and Imports
		4.2.5 Export Performance During the Pandemic: Comparing Vietnam and India
		4.2.6 Opportunities for Expanding Bilateral Trade Relations
	4.3 FDI Flows: India, Vietnam, and China
		4.3.1 Indian Investments in Vietnam
		4.3.2 China: A Major Source of Investment for Vietnam and India
	4.4 FDI and Ease of Doing Business: The Way Forward
		4.4.1 Prospects for Inward FDI for Vietnam and India
		4.4.2 Progress in Improving the Business Environment
		4.4.3 Vietnam and India: Attractive Destinations for Inward FDI?
		4.4.4 Bilateral Sector Opportunities
		4.4.5 Challenges in Bilateral Engagement
		4.4.6 The Way Forward
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
5 India–Vietnam Partnership in Science, Technology, and Innovation
	5.1 India’s Science, Technology, and Innovation
		5.1.1 History of Science, Technology, and Innovation in India
		5.1.2 India’s Strengths in Science, Technology, and Innovation
	5.2 Vietnam’s Science, Technology, and Innovation
		5.2.1 History of Science, Technology, and Innovation in Vietnam
		5.2.2 Vietnam’s New Developments in Science, Technology, and Innovation
	5.3 The Reality of India–Vietnam Cooperation in Science, Technology, and Innovation
		5.3.1 Before 1990
		5.3.2 Initiatives Post-1990
		5.3.3 India–Vietnam Cooperation in Science, Technology, and Innovation at Multilateral Levels
	5.4 Conclusion
	References
6 Multilateral Engagement: Envisioning a Peaceful, Cooperative Multilateral Architecture
	6.1 Vietnam and India: Multilateral Engagement
		6.1.1 Vietnam in ASEAN: Leadership Redefined
		6.1.2 Vietnam’s Leadership Role in ASEAN: Multilateral Engagement and Activism
	6.2 ISEAS Survey: Setting the Context for Trilateral and Multilateral Cooperation
	6.3 Japan–Vietnam–India: A Trilateral Partnership: Possibilities and Challenges
	6.4 AEP and Japan’s FOIP: The Bulwark for Connectivity with Vietnam
	6.5 Supply Chain Resilience Initiative (SCRI) and RCEP: Issues of Competitiveness and Decoupling
	6.6 The Quad and Japan’s EPQI
	6.7 Vietnam and India: Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative and ASEAN’s Indo-Pacific Outlook
	6.8 India and Vietnam: Deepening Security Cooperation!
	6.9 Conclusion
	References
7 The China Challenge: Strategic and Security Cooperation
	7.1 The Context: India and Vietnam: Strategic Alignment
	7.2 Neighbors: The Woes of Proximity
	7.3 India and Vietnam Strategic Alignment: Motivations, Manifestations, and the Restraints of Managing China
		7.3.1 Motivations
		7.3.2 Manifestations
		7.3.3 Managing China: The Restraints
	7.4 Conclusion
	References
8 Vietnam and India: A Futuristic Perspective
	8.1 India–Vietnam: Partnering a Vision for the Future
		8.1.1 The Political, Strategic, Defense, and Security Vision
		8.1.2 The Economic Vision
		8.1.3 The Cultural Vision
		8.1.4 Vision for Tourism Cooperation
		8.1.5 Vision on Science, Technology, and Innovation Cooperation
	8.2 Elucidating the Convergences in Aspirations of India and Vietnam
		8.2.1 Economic and Commercial: Pathways and Inter-country Learnings
		8.2.2 Cooperation in the Defense Sector
		8.2.3 Cooperation in the Mekong–Ganga Cooperation
		8.2.4 Cooperation in Science, Technology, and Innovation
		8.2.5 Cooperation in the Cultural Domain
	8.3 Conclusion
	References