Incinerating biosolids

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgements......Page 14
Part I. Fundamental Concepts......Page 16
 1. Introduction......Page 18
  History of Biosolids Reuse......Page 20
  Terminology......Page 21
  Definition of Key Terms......Page 22
  Scope of the Text......Page 26
  Requirements of EPA's 503 Regulations: Biosolids Incineration......Page 28
   Beryllium and Mercury......Page 30
   Arsenic, Cadmium, Chromium, and Nickel......Page 31
   Total Hydrocarbons Control......Page 32
   Overview of Evaluation......Page 33
   Preliminary Procedure......Page 34
   Testing Procedure......Page 35
   Monitoring and Recording......Page 38
   Frequency of Monitoring......Page 39
   Recordkeeping......Page 40
   Reporting......Page 41
   Required Application Information......Page 42
   Biosolids......Page 44
   Solids Concentration......Page 46
   Biosolids Unit Processes......Page 47
  Biosolids Management Options......Page 53
  Principles of Combustion......Page 54
  Biosolids Incineration......Page 55
  Multiple-Hearth Furnace......Page 58
  Fluid-Bed Furnace......Page 64
  Cyclonic Furnace......Page 66
  Comparison of Furnace Types......Page 70
Part II. Practical Concepts of Multiple-Hearth Incineration......Page 72
  Introduction......Page 74
  Solids Calculation......Page 78
   Hearths and Insulation......Page 79
   Rabble Arms......Page 85
   Scrubber System......Page 90
   Venturi Scrubber......Page 94
   Impingement Scrubber......Page 95
   Burners......Page 100
   Combustion Air......Page 105
   Oxygen Analyzer......Page 106
   Polymer System......Page 107
   Centrifuges......Page 109
   Feed Biosolids Belt Conveyor......Page 110
   Scum Concentrator......Page 112
   Furnace Central Control Console......Page 113
  Summary......Page 117
   Furnace Zones......Page 120
   Auxiliary Fuel......Page 121
   Draft......Page 123
   Air......Page 125
   Alarm System......Page 130
   Burnout......Page 131
   Shaft Speed and Its Effect on Incineration......Page 137
   Operating Tips......Page 138
   Scrubber Operation and Adjustment......Page 140
   Operating Tips: Scrubber System......Page 141
   Burner and Fuel Supply Equipment......Page 142
   Operation on Natural Gas......Page 147
  Recordkeeping Requirements......Page 148
 8. Preventive Maintenance Practices: Multiple-Hearth Furnace......Page 158
   Benefits Obtained from Utilizing MMS......Page 159
   MMS and Types of Maintenance Actions......Page 160
   MMS Report Forms......Page 161
   The MMS Schedule for the Multiple-Hearth Furnace......Page 164
  Summary......Page 166
Part III. Safety Consideratians......Page 168
  Standard Safety Precautions......Page 170
  Personal Protective Equipment......Page 171
  Housekeeping......Page 172
  Electrical Safety......Page 173
  Protecting Potable Water and Compressed Air Systems......Page 174
  Furnace Maintenance and Confined Space Entry......Page 175
Part IV. Ash Management and Reuse......Page 180
 10. Ash Disposal Versus Reuse......Page 182
  Biosolids Ash to Novelty Products: An Example......Page 183
  Biosolids Ash to Shoreline Erosion Control Devices: An Example......Page 185
   Seabee Monitoring Project James River Estuary, Virginia......Page 187
  Summary......Page 194
References......Page 196
Index......Page 198