In War's Wake: International Conflict and the Fate of Liberal Democracy

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Contributors......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 13
1 Introduction: War and Democracy in Comparative Perspective......Page 15
Unpacking Democracy......Page 17
Unpacking War......Page 20
Reconsidering Scale......Page 22
Reconsidering Outcome......Page 26
What War Does......Page 28
The Future of War and Democracy......Page 31
Part I: War and Democratic Transitions: New and Durable Democracies?......Page 35
2 Does War Influence Democratization?......Page 37
The Links between War and Democratization......Page 38
Measuring Democratization......Page 39
Measuring War......Page 42
The Control Variables......Page 43
Results......Page 45
Cases and Causal Mechanisms......Page 50
Valid Cases......Page 51
Spurious Cases......Page 53
1. Cases in which Democratization Caused the War......Page 55
2. The Mechanisms Present in Embryo......Page 56
3. Oscillations......Page 58
Conclusion......Page 59
3 Dodging a Bullet: Democracy’s Gains in Modern War......Page 64
War as a Selection Mechanism: The Darwinian Problem......Page 67
War as Catalyst......Page 74
The End of the Conjuncture?......Page 79
4 Armed Conflict and the Durability of Electoral Democracy......Page 81
Definitions, Methods, and the Larger Literature......Page 83
Institutional Constraints on Spoilers......Page 86
H1: A Decisive Loss to a Democratizing Power Can Produce Constraints on Spoilers......Page 87
H2: A Humiliating Loss that Chastens the Military Can Produce Constraints on Spoilers......Page 89
H3: Peace Accords Can Produce Constraints on Spoilers......Page 92
H4: Broad-Based Rebel Armies Can Be the Foundation for Viable Political Parties......Page 98
H5: Broad-Based Rebel Movements Can Be a Source of “Heroic” Leaders......Page 103
H6: International Resources Can Contribute to Durability......Page 105
A Cautionary Conclusion......Page 108
Part II: War and Democratic Publics: Reshaping Political Participation?......Page 109
5 The Effects of War on Civil Society: Cross-National Evidence from World War II......Page 111
War, Mobilization, and Civil Society......Page 113
Dependent Variable: War, Generational Cohorts, and Civic Engagement......Page 115
Index of Mobilization......Page 118
Quantitative Analysis......Page 121
Case Study: The YMCA Japan......Page 124
Prewar Period......Page 125
Wartime Mobilization in Kobe......Page 126
Postwar Revival......Page 128
U.S. Occupation?......Page 130
Conclusion......Page 131
6 Veterans, Human Rights, and the Transformation of European Democracy......Page 135
Before 1933......Page 139
After 1933......Page 146
7 War and Reform: Gaining Labor’s Compliance on the Homefront......Page 153
War and Reform......Page 154
Mobilizing for Total War......Page 155
Mobilization and Reform......Page 157
Italy: Disciplining Labor......Page 159
Britain: Managing Manpower......Page 161
Transforming Labor’s Power and Preferences......Page 165
Italy’s Radicalization......Page 166
Britain’s Moderation......Page 168
Postwar Reform......Page 170
Conclusions......Page 172
8 Spinning Mars: Democracy in Britain and the United States and the Economic Lessons of War......Page 176
Anglo-American Industrial Mobilization During World War II: A Reconsideration......Page 179
Learning Different Lessons from the Same War......Page 185
Conclusion......Page 195
Part III: War and Democratic States: Government by the People or over the People?......Page 199
9 International Conflict and the Constitutional Balance: Executive Authority after War......Page 201
War and Contestation: Optimists, Pessimists, and Skeptics......Page 202
Representing War: Social Meaning and the Fate of Contestation......Page 204
Logic of Comparison......Page 209
Vietnam and the Backlash Against the Imperial Presidency......Page 210
Algeria and the Consolidation of France’s Imperial Presidency......Page 217
Conclusion......Page 223
10 Claims and Capacity: War, National Policing Institutions, and Democracy......Page 225
Postal Policing......Page 232
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives......Page 237
U.S. Marshals Service......Page 240
The German Experience......Page 243
Conclusion......Page 246
11 War, Recruitment Systems, and Democracy......Page 249
Institutional Analysis and War’s Catalytic Effect......Page 250
Napoleonic France and the Citizen Army......Page 251
Military Mobilization and Democracy......Page 253
War and the Decline of Pro-Democratic Recruitment: Post–Cold War United States......Page 256
Privatized Security and Democracy......Page 259
Can Market Forces Support Democracy?......Page 264
Conclusion......Page 265
12 Concluding Reflections: What Wars Do......Page 267
War and Rights......Page 268
War and the Imagined Community......Page 275
Beyond the Modern Atlantic......Page 280
The End of War?......Page 282
References......Page 285
Index......Page 319