In the Common Defense: National Security Law for Perilous Times

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Abbreviations......Page 15
Introduction......Page 17
1 Perilous Times: Describing the Threat......Page 24
A. INVOKING NATIONAL SECURITY......Page 29
B. DEFINING NATIONAL SECURITY......Page 32
C. SECURITY, THE RULE OF LAW, AND CONSTITUTIONAL VALUES......Page 36
2. Constitutional Values and the Rule of Law......Page 37
A. LAW AND SECURITY......Page 39
B. LAW AND LEADERSHIP......Page 44
C. LAW AND LIBERTY......Page 45
4 Constitutional Framework......Page 48
1. Text......Page 49
2. Statutory Gloss and Interpretation......Page 52
3. Case Law......Page 54
B. COURTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL LAW......Page 62
1. Legal Limits on the Exercise of Jurisdiction......Page 63
2. Legal Policy and the Exercise of Jurisdiction......Page 65
3. Institutional Limitations......Page 66
4. Contextual Application of Law......Page 67
C. OBSERVATIONS ON THE PRACTICE OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW......Page 68
1. Practice as Precedent......Page 70
2. Theory as Law......Page 71
3. The Volume of Constitutional Decision......Page 74
4. Institutional and Political Oversight......Page 78
5. Formal and Informal Practice......Page 79
6. A Few Good Men and Women......Page 85
A. LEGAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND......Page 87
B. THE FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT, AS AMENDED......Page 94
C. WARRANTLESS ELECTRONIC SURVEILLANCE......Page 103
D. EPILOGUE......Page 112
6 National Security Process......Page 115
1. Executive Decision......Page 116
2. Congress......Page 118
3. The Media......Page 119
4. Non-Governmental Organizations......Page 120
1. Formal Framework......Page 121
2. National Security Council Staff......Page 126
3. Informal and Ad Hoc Process......Page 132
C. THE OFFICE OF THE VICE PRESIDENT......Page 135
D. APPRAISAL......Page 137
A. BUREAUCRATIC AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK......Page 142
1. Legal Framework......Page 143
2. Congressional Oversight......Page 146
3. National–Military Bifurcation......Page 148
4. Intelligence Community......Page 150
1. Collection......Page 151
2. Analysis and Dissemination......Page 157
3. Counterintelligence......Page 163
4. Covert Action......Page 164
a. Statutory Context......Page 166
c. Legal Permits and Constraints......Page 170
d. Legal Policy Issues......Page 172
5. Liaison......Page 175
C. EXTRADITION, RENDITION, AND EXTRAORDINARY RENDITION: LAW APPLIED......Page 178
D. CONCLUSION......Page 188
8 Use of Military Force......Page 192
A. THE WAR POWER......Page 193
1. Theory and Law......Page 194
2. The Common Law of History......Page 197
b. Reporting......Page 199
c. Sixty-Day Clock......Page 201
d. Appraisal......Page 205
B. INTERNATIONAL LAW......Page 208
1. Resort to Force......Page 209
a. Self-Defense......Page 210
b. Anticipatory Self-Defense......Page 212
c. From Anticipation to Preemption......Page 216
e. Security Council Authorization......Page 223
f. Humanitarian Intervention and Other Compelling Circumstances......Page 226
2. Application of Force – Methods and Means of Warfare......Page 229
a. Specific Rules and General Principles......Page 230
b. Legal Policy and the Application of the Law......Page 235
C. CONSTITUTIONAL CHAIN OF COMMAND......Page 241
1. Combatant Commands......Page 246
2. Opcon, TacCon, AdCon, and Foreign Command......Page 249
3. Appraisal......Page 250
9 Homeland Security......Page 256
A. THE THREAT REVISITED......Page 258
B. HOMELAND SECURITY STRATEGY......Page 259
C. DECISION-MAKING STRUCTURE......Page 262
1. Presidential Process and Decision......Page 263
2. Sub-Cabinet Coordination......Page 270
3. State and Local Coordination......Page 273
1. Federalism......Page 277
2. The Military Instrument......Page 281
a. Legal Framework......Page 283
PART II SPECIFIC REGIMES AND APPRAISAL......Page 290
A. NONPROLIFERATION......Page 291
B. MARITIME SECURITY......Page 297
C. PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 301
1. Katrina and the GAO Reality Gap......Page 306
2. Toward a Homeland Security Legal Strategy......Page 310
a. Herding the Legal Elephants......Page 313
b. Principles to Inform Homeland Security Law......Page 317
10 The National Security Lawyer......Page 323
A. NATIONAL SECURITY LEGAL PRACTICE......Page 326
B. THE DUTY OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY LAWYER......Page 333
Attachments......Page 343
A. The National Security Council (NSC)......Page 347
C. The NSC Deputies Committee (NSC/DC)......Page 348
D. Interagency Working Groups (NSC/IWGs)......Page 350
Organization of the National Security Council System National Security Presidential Directive NSPD–1......Page 351
1. Perilous Times: Describing the Threat......Page 361
2. The Meaning of National Security......Page 362
3. National Security law......Page 363
4. Constitutional Framework......Page 364
5. Electronic Surveillance: Constitutional Law Applied......Page 365
6. National Security Process......Page 369
7. Intelligence......Page 372
8. Use of Military Force......Page 377
Discrimination or Distinction......Page 381
Basic Rule......Page 382
9. Homeland Security......Page 386
10. The National Security Lawyer......Page 395
Index......Page 397