In Silico Dreams: How Artificial Intelligence and Biotechnology Will Create the Medicines of the Future

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
About the Author
About the Technical Editor
Acknowledgments
Contents at a Glance
Contents
Introduction
	What Does This Book Cover?
	Reader Support for This Book
Chapter 1 The Information Revolution’s Impact on Biology
	A Biological Data Avalanche at Warp Speed
		Tracking SARS-CoV-2 with Genomic Epidemiology
	Biology’s Paradigm Shift Enables In Silico Biology
		Transitions and Computation in Cancer Research
		Structural Biology and Genomics
	Sequencing the Human Genome
	Computational Biology in the Twenty-First Century
		Applications of Human Genome Sequencing
		Analyzing Human Genome Sequence Information
	Omics Technologies and Systems Biology
	Notes
Chapter 2 A New Era of Artificial Intelligence
	AI Steps Out of the Bronx
	From Neurons and Cats Brains to Neural Networks
	Machine Learning and the Deep Learning Breakthrough
		Deep Learning Arrives for AI
		Deep Neural Network Architectures
		Deep Learning’s Beachhead on Medicine: Medical Imaging
	Limitations on Artificial Intelligence
	Notes
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 3 The Long Road to New Medicines
	Medicine’s Origins: The Role of Opium Since the Stone Age
	Industrial Manufacturing of Medicines
	Paul Ehrlich and the Birth of Chemotherapeutic Drug Discovery
	The Pharmaceutical Industry: Drugs and War—New Medicines in the Twentieth Century
		From Synthetic Antibiotics to the Search for New Drugs from the Microbial World
		Developing Therapeutics for Cancer
			Antifolates and the Emergence of DNA Synthesis Inhibitors
			Antibiotics as Cancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs
			Immunotherapy
	The Pharmaceutical Business Model in the Twenty-First Century
		R&D Productivity Challenges Within the Pharmaceutical Industry
		Sources of Pharmaceutical Innovation: Biotechnology and New Therapeutic Modalities
	Notes
	Recommended Reading
Chapter 4 Gene Editing and the New Tools of Biotechnology
	Molecular Biology and Biological Information Flow
	Manipulating Gene Information with Recombinant DNA Technology
	Genetics, Gene Discovery, and Drugs for Rare Human Diseases
	Second-Generation Biotechnology Tools: CRISPR- Cas9 and Genome Editing Technologies
	Human Genome Editing and Clinical Trials
	Biotechnology to the Rescue: Vaccine Development Platforms Based on Messenger RNA
	Recommended Reading
	Notes
Chapter 5 Healthcare and the Entrance of the Technology Titans
	Digital Health and the New Healthcare Investment Arena
	Assessing the Tech Titans as Disruptors in Healthcare
		Alphabet: Extending Its Tentacles Into Healthcare with Google and Other Bets
		Apple Inc: Consumer Technology Meets Healthcare
		Amazon: Taking Logistics to the Next Level for Delivering Healthcare
	Echoes of the Final Frontier
	Notes
Chapter 6 AI-Based Algorithms in Biology and Medicine
	Recognizing the Faces of Cancer
		Tumor Classification Using Deep Learning with Genomic Features
	AI for Diseases of the Nervous System: Seeing and Changing the Brain
		Regulatory Approval and Clinical Implementation: Twin Challenges for AI-Based Algorithms in Medicine
	Notes
Chapter 7 AI in Drug Discovery and Development
	A Brief Survey of In Silico Methods in Drug Discovery
		Virtual Screening with Cheminformatics and HTS Technologies
	AI Brings a New Toolset for Computational Drug Design
		AI-Based Virtual Screening Tools
		Generative Models for De Novo Drug Design
	A New Base of Innovation for the Pharmaceutical Industry
		Atomwise
		Recursion Pharmaceuticals
		Deep Genomics
		Relay Therapeutics
	Summary
	Notes
Chapter 8 Biotechnology, AI, and Medicine’s Future
	Building Tools to Decipher Molecular Structures and Biological Systems
		AlphaFold: Going Deep in Protein Structure Prediction
		Predicting Genome 3D Organization and Regulatory Elements
		AI Approaches to Link Genetics-Based Targets to Disease
		Quantum Computing for In Silico Chemistry and Biology
	Neuroscience and AI: Modeling Brain and Behavior
		Brain Information Processing and Modularity: Climbing a Granite Wall
	Engineering Medicines with Biotechnology and AI
	Notes
Glossary
Index
EULA