In Defense of the Four Imams

Halftitle Page
Title Page
Dedication
Copyright Page
About the Author
Contents
Translator’s Introduction
Introduction
The First Cause
	He was unaware of the hadith
The Second Cause
	He was aware of the hadith, but it wasn’t sound in his view
The Third Cause
	He believes the hadith presented by those differing with him is weak
The Fourth Cause
	He Stipulates Conditions for the Reports of Reliable Narrators that are different from other scholars
The Fifth Cause
	He knew the hadith, considered it to be genuine, but forgot it
The Sixth Cause
	He did not know what the hadith meant
The Seventh Cause
	He believes that his opponent misconstrues the hadith
The Eighth Cause
	He believes that the interpretation conflicts with something else that shows that the intent is other than what his opponent says
The Ninth Cause
	He believes that the hadith is contravened by something that indicates that it is weak, or it is abrogated, or its meaning is figurative—if it is subject to being taken figuratively and reassigned a different meaning by something accepted as valid by consensus, like a Quranic verse, another hadith, or scholarly consensus
The Tenth Cause
	He believes that the hadith opposes what proves that it is weak, abrogated, or reassigned a figurative meaning while other scholars do not share his view. Or the category of what is mentioned in the hadith is in opposition to something, or it is really not in opposition to anything. Rather, it is weightier.
Appendix
	Chapter 1
	Chapter 2
	Chapter 3
	Chapter 4
Notes
Biography