Improving Institutions for Green Landscapes in Metropolitan Areas - Volume 25 Sustainable Urban Areas

Title page......Page 2
Contents......Page 6
Preface and acknowledgements......Page 10
Introduction......Page 12
Research questions and the structure of this book......Page 13
Research approach......Page 18
Multi-theory......Page 20
Combining complementing theories......Page 22
Introducing the cases......Page 24
Midden-Delfland, Land Consolidation......Page 26
Midden-Delfland, recent projects......Page 30
The National Landscape Laag Holland......Page 32
Cross-subsidy strategies in the Bloemendalerpolder......Page 34
The Park Forest, Ghent Project......Page 36
Model for green area protection and improvement......Page 40
Green area protection and improvement in practice......Page 41
From case study towards a model......Page 44
Conclusion......Page 51
Landscape changes and the restructuring of the welfare state......Page 54
Signs concerning spatial quality......Page 55
Signs concerning land ownership......Page 56
Struggling landscape guardians......Page 58
Recreational areas......Page 60
Nature conservation sites......Page 61
Influences of the restructuring of the welfare state......Page 66
Impact on sector departments......Page 67
Direct impact on spatial planning......Page 68
Conclusion......Page 70
Market or government; the limitations of Transaction Cost Theory......Page 72
Branches of Transaction Cost Theory......Page 73
Transaction Cost Theory in the field of planning......Page 75
Attempts to adopt Transaction Cost Theory......Page 77
Institutional design based on explanatory Transaction Cost Theory......Page 78
Public bureaus as a last resort......Page 79
Different subsidizing strategies......Page 81
Usability of explanatory Transaction Cost Theory......Page 83
Planning, more than a tool to lower transaction cost between private parties......Page 84
Low organization costs as a criterion?......Page 85
Conclusion......Page 86
Market or government; the debate about cross-subsidy strategies......Page 88
Collaboration......Page 89
Finances......Page 90
The planning process......Page 92
Evaluating the process......Page 96
Lessons that can be applied from the Bloemendalerpolder case......Page 97
The constraints of a cross-subsidy approach......Page 98
Legal constraints......Page 99
Financial constraints......Page 101
Skepticism about the improvement of spatial quality......Page 102
Opposition because of rising land prices, limited transparency and inclusiveness......Page 104
The uniqueness of the Bloemendalerpolder case......Page 105
Conclusion......Page 108
Theories on networks and hierarchies......Page 112
Hierarchical and network-oriented approaches in practice......Page 115
Reasons to combine hierarchical and network-oriented approaches......Page 122
Conclusion......Page 126
The operational and strategic spatial planning-land development matrix......Page 128
Roots of Dutch spatial planning and land development rationalities......Page 132
“Farmland that will become vacant”......Page 135
Mismatch between strategic and collaboratively made plans and operational resources......Page 137
The aim of planning......Page 138
Overstretched use of strategic spatial planning rationalities......Page 139
Compensation: zoning versus compulsory purchase......Page 140
Cross-subsidy agreements and the “two hats problem”......Page 143
Cross-subsidy approaches and the “I develop the project” principle......Page 145
Compulsory purchase for green types of land use......Page 146
Conclusion......Page 148
Slow Planning......Page 152
Dynamic planning in Laag Holland......Page 153
Slow Planning in Midden-Delfland......Page 157
The Slow Planning approach......Page 158
Institutional change in planning......Page 159
Institutions’ different change frequencies......Page 161
Institutional system......Page 162
Planning institutions at different levels......Page 163
Balanced institutional system: public interest versus private rights......Page 164
Changing planning concepts......Page 166
Radical change: market-coordinated spatial order......Page 169
Incremental institutional change: Midden-Delfland Act......Page 171
Conclusion......Page 172
Soft Planning......Page 174
Preservation instead of creation......Page 175
Recurring costs......Page 176
Future of metropolitan farmers......Page 177
Model for green area protection and improvement......Page 178
The restructuring of the welfare state......Page 179
Slow Planning and incremental institutional change......Page 180
Spatial planning and land development......Page 181
General recommendations......Page 183
Specific recommendations......Page 184
Exploring a transaction cost methodology......Page 188
Multi-theory approach......Page 189
References......Page 192
Interviewees......Page 218
Dutch text on compensation......Page 222
Dutch text on dynamics......Page 224
Improving institutions for green landscapes in metropolitan areas – Summary......Page 226
Verbeteren van instrumenten voor groene metropolitane gebieden - Samenvatting (Dutch Summary)......Page 230
Curriculum Vitae......Page 234