Immigration Judicial Reviews: An Empirical Study (Palgrave Socio-Legal Studies)

Acknowledgements
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Case Studies
1 Judicial Review and Immigration
	1.1 What Are Immigration Judicial Reviews?
	1.2 The Political Context of Immigration Judicial Reviews
	1.3 Research Methods
	1.4 The Structure of This Book
2 The Immigration Judicial Review System
	2.1 The Immigration System and the Role of Judicial Review
	2.2 Judicial Review, Tribunal Appeals, and Other Forms of Redress
	2.3 Caseload
	2.4 Actors Within the System
		2.4.1 Claimants
		2.4.2 The Home Office and the Government Legal Department
		2.4.3 Immigration Representatives
		2.4.4 The Upper Tribunal (Immigration and Asylum Chamber)
	2.5 The Immigration Judicial Review Process
	2.6 Conclusion
3 Quality Concerns
	3.1 Claimants’ Grounds of Challenge
	3.2 Totally Without Merit Claims
	3.3 Abusive and Vexatious Claims
	3.4 The Perspective of Representatives
	3.5 Home Office Decision-Making
	3.6 Settlement
	3.7 Repeat Judicial Reviews
	3.8 Conclusion
4 Matters in Dispute
	4.1 The Subject Matter of Judicial Reviews
	4.2 The Availability of Tribunal Appeals and Immigration Judicial Review
	4.3 Certification of Human Rights and Asylum Cases
	4.4 Fresh Asylum and Human Rights Cases (Paragraph 353 Cases)
	4.5 Removal Cases
	4.6 Points-Based Scheme Cases
	4.7 Delay Cases
	4.8 Visitor Visa Cases
	4.9 Human Trafficking Cases
	4.10 Statelessness Cases
	4.11 Domestic Violence Cases
	4.12 Conclusion
5 Claimants, Funding, Costs, Innovations, and Reforms
	5.1 The Experiences of Claimants
		5.1.1 Sangeen’s Case
		5.1.2 Gladstone’s Case
		5.1.3 Overall
		5.1.4 ‘Non-Challenges’
	5.2 Representatives’ Perspectives on the Experiences of Claimants
	5.3 Litigants in Person
	5.4 Funding
	5.5 Litigation Costs
	5.6 Tribunal Caseworkers
	5.7 Digitalisation
	5.8 Alternative Dispute Resolution
	5.9 The Restoration of Tribunal Appeals
	5.10 Conclusion
6 Judicial Decision-Making
	6.1 Totally Without Merit: Does Caseload Influence Judicial Decision-Making?
		6.1.1 The Increase in Cases Deemed Totally Without Merit
		6.1.2 Paper and Oral Permission Success Rates
	6.2 Student English Language Tests
		6.2.1 Student English Language Test: Mass Strategic Litigation
		6.2.2 Initial Challenges
		6.2.3 Conspicuous Unfairness Amounting to an Abuse of Power
		6.2.4 The Proliferation of Cases
		6.2.5 Campaigning
		6.2.6 Overall
	6.3 Cart Judicial Reviews
		6.3.1 What Are Cart Judicial Reviews?
		6.3.2 The Ministry of Justice and the Independent Review of Administrative Law
		6.3.3 The Government’s Response
		6.3.4 Wider Lessons
	6.4 Conclusion
7 Conclusion
	7.1 Findings
	7.2 Legislative Initiatives After Our Study
	7.3 Recommendations
		7.3.1 Promoting Quality
		7.3.2 Tribunal Appeal Rights
		7.3.3 Litigants in Person
	7.4 A Final Word
Index