IIT-JEE Super Course in Chemistry - Vol 1 Physical Chemistry

Cover
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts of Chemistry
	Study Material
	Introduction
	Definition and Description of Matter
		Homogeneous Mixtures
		Heterogeneous Mixtures
		Elements
		Compounds
	Dalton’s Atomic Theory and Model of the Atom
	Mass of an Atom
		Mass Number and Atomic mass
		Molecular Mass
	Valency of Elements
	Valency and Formula of Radicals
	Formulae of Compounds
	Mole Concept
	Molar Mass
		Calculation of Number of Moles
	Concept Strands
	Chemical formulae
	Chemical Equation
		Concept Strand
	Excess and Limiting Reactants
	Oxidation number or Oxidation state
		Rules for assigning Oxidation Number
		Oxidation and Reduction in terms of Oxidation number
	Balancing Redox Reactions
	Disproportionation Reactions
	Equivalent Weight
		Equivalent Weight of an Acid
		Equivalent Weight of a Base
		Equivalent weight of any Other Substance
		Equivalent Weights of Salts
		Equivalent weights of Oxidizing and Reducing Agents
		Equivalent Weights of KMnO4
		Equivalent weights of K2Cr2O7
	Strength of solutions
		Methods of Expressing the Strength or Concentration of a solution
	Volumetric Analysis
		Standard Solution
		Primary and Secondary Standards
		Normality Equation used in Volumetric Analysis
	Neutralization Reactions
		Calculations in Volumetric Analysis
	Summary
	Topic Grip
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	IIT Assignment Exercise
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	Additional Practice Exercise
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Questions
	Solutions
		Answers Keys
		Hints and Explanations
Chapter 2:  States of Matter
	Study Material
	Introduction
		Intermolecular Forces Operating Among Gaseous Molecules
		Intermolecular forces and Thermal Energy
	Gas laws
		Boyle’s law
		Intermolecular forces and thermal energy
		Gay-Lussac’s law (also referred toas Charle’s law)
		Combination of Boyle’s and Charle’s laws
		Relation between Pressure and Temperature
		Interpretation and Evaluation of the Constant k of Equation (7)
		Important Points Regarding Equation (9)
		Dimensions of the Gas Constant, R
	Absolute Density and Relative Density of a Gas
	Units of Pressure and Volume
	Value of R in Different Units
	Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
	Graham’s Law of Diffusion
		Important Conclusion from Graham’s Law
	Kinetic Theory of Gases
	Molecular Velocity Distribution Among Gas Molecules
	Real Gases
	Modification of Ideal Gas Equation: Van Der Waals Equation
	Critical State of a Gas
	Relative Humidity (RH)
	Summary
	Topic Grip
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	IIT Assignment Exercise
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	Additional Practice Exercise
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	Solutions
		Answer Keys
		Hints and Explanations
Chapter 3: Atomic Structure
	Study Material
	Introduction
	Atomic Models
	Hydrogen Spectrum
	Photoelectric Effect
	Wave–particle Duality
	Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
	Quantum Numbers
	Quantum Mechanical Picture of Hydrogen Atom
	Probability Distribution Curves
	Orbitals
	Electronic Configuration of Elements
	Topic Grip
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	IIT Assignment Exercise
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	Additional Practice Exercise
		Subjective Type Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Questions
	Solutions
		Answer Keys
		Hints and Explanations
Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding
	Study Material
	Introduction
	Modern Theories of Bonding
	Hydrogen Bonding
	Polarization of Ions- Fajan’s Rule
	Dipole Moment
	Resonance
	Summary
	Topic Grip
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	IIT Assignment Exercise
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	Additional Practice Exercise
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Questions
	Solutions
		Answer Keys
		Hints and Explanations
Chapter 5: Chemical Energetics and Thermodynamics
	Study Material
	Basic Concepts in Thermodynamics
		System and Surroundings
		Types of Systems
		Macroscopic Properties of the System
		Intensive and Extensive Properties
		Types of processes
	Mechanical Work (Pressure–Volume Work)
	Internal Energy (U)
	First Law of Thermodynamics
	Expression for Pressure – Volume Work
	Enthalpy, H
	Adiabatic Expansion
	Work Done in an Isobaric Process
	Thermochemical Equations
	Various forms of Enthalpy of Reaction
	Bond Enthalpy (Bond Energy)
	Laws of Thermochemistry
	Spontaneous Processes
	Second Law of Thermodynamics and Entropy (S)
	Entropy Changes During Various Processes
	Third Law of Thermodynamics
	Gibbs Free Energy (G)
	Criteria for Equilibrium and Spontaneity
	Free Energy Change and Useful Work
	Summary
	Topic Grip
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	IIT Assignment Exercise
		Straight Objective Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	Additional Practice Exercise
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Questions
	Solutions
		Answers Keys
		Hints and Explanations
Chapter 6: Chemical and Ionic Equilibria
	Study Material
	Chemical Equilibrium
		Reversible Reactions
			Characteristics of Reversible Reactions
		Law of Mass Action
		Relation Between Kp, Kc and Kx
		Relation between DG, DG° and Equilibrium Constant
		Le Chatelier’s Principle—Theory of Mobile Equilibrium
		Homogeneous Equilibria in Gas Phase
		Effect of the Variation of Total Pressure on a System at Equilibrium
		Homogeneous Equilibria in Liquid Phase
		Simultaneous Equilibria
		Heterogeneous Equilibria
		Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium Constant
	Ionic Equilibrium
		Acid-base Concept
			Introduction
		pH Concept
		Dissociation Equilibria Involving Weak Acids and Weak Bases
		Salt Hydrolysis
		Common ion Effect
		Buffer and Buffer Action
		Solubility Equilibria and Solubility Product
		Application of Solubility Product Principle in Qualitative Analysis
		Indicators in Neutralization Reaction
	Summary
	Topic Grip
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	IIT Assignment Exercise
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	Additional Practice Exercise
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Questions
	Solutions
		Answer Keys
		Hints and Explanations
Chapter 7: Dilute Solutions and Electrochemistry
	Study Material
	Dilute Solutions
		Introduction
		Colligative Properties
	Electrochemistry
		General
		Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis
		Effect of Electrodes on the Nature of Electrode Reactions During Electrolysis
		Conductance of Electrolyte Solutions
		Galvanic Cells
		Reversible Electrodes
		Measurement of the EMF of a Galvanic Cell
		Single Electrode Potentials
		Reference Electrodes
		Concentration Cells
	Topic Grip
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	IIT Assignment Exercise
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	Additional Practice Exercise
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	Hints and Solutions
Chapter 8:  Chemical Kinetics and Solid State
	Study Material
	Chemical kinetics
		Introduction and Importance of the Subject
			Factors Affecting the Rate of a Reaction
		Definition of “Rate”
		Order of a Reaction
		Molecularity of a Reaction
			Units of Rate Constant
		Evaluation of Rate Constant, k
		Methods for Following the Progress of a Reaction
		Methods of Determination of Order of a Reaction
		Collision Theory
		Activated Complex Theory of Reaction Rates
		Kinetics of Consecutive, Parallel and Opposing Reactions
	Solid State
		Introduction
		Classification of Solids
			Crystal Lattice and unit Cell
		Types of Unit Cells
		Closest Packing of Constituent Particles (Spheres) in Crystals
		Number of Atoms Per Unit Cell in a Cubic Lattice
			Simple Cubic Lattice (or Primitive cubic Unit Cell)
			Body Centred Cubic Unit Cell (bcc)
			Face Centred Cubic Unit Cell (fcc)
			Density of a Unit Cell
			Tetrahedral and Octahedral Voids
		Packing in ionic Compounds
			Cesium Chloride Structure
			Rock Salt Structure
		Defects in Solids
			Various Types of Point Defects
			Schottky Defects
			Metal Excess and Metal Deficiency Defects
			Non–stoichiometry
			Semiconductivity
	Topic Grip
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Questions
	IIT Assignment Exercise
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	Additional Practice Exercise
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	Solutions
		Answer Keys
		Hints and Explanations
Chapter 9: Surface Chemistry and Nuclear Chemistry
	Study Material
	Surface Chemistry
		Adsorption and Absorption
		Physical Adsorption and Chemisorption
		Colloids
			Introduction
		Types of Colloidal Systems
		Classification of Sols
		Methods of Preparation of Colloidal Dispersions
			Condensation Methods
			Dispersion Methods
		Purification of Colloidal Dispersions
			Dialysis
			Ultrafiltration
		Properties of Colloidal Dispersions
			Optical Properties (Tyndall Effect)
			Kinetic Properties (Brownian Movement)
			Electrical Properties
		Applications of Colloids
			Emulsions, Surfactants and Micelles
		Emulsifiers
	Nuclear Chemistry
		Radioactivity
		α, β, γ-rays and their Properties
		Kinetics of Radioactive Decay
		Units of Radioactivity
		Isotopes, Isobars and Isotones
			Isotopes
			Isobars
			Isotones
		Nuclear Fission and Fusion Reactions
		Artificial Disintegration or Transmutation of Elements
	Topic Grip
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	IIT Assignment Exercise
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Question
	Additional Practice Exercise
		Subjective Questions
		Straight Objective Type Questions
		Assertion–Reason Type Questions
		Linked Comprehension Type Questions
		Multiple Correct Objective Type Questions
		Matrix-Match Type Questions
	Solutions
		Answers Key
		Hints and Explanations