Ignition of Polymers (Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials)

Preface
Contents
Symbols
1 The Thermal Degradation of Polymer Materials
	1.1 Polymers and Their Composition
	1.2 Additives Added to Polymers
		1.2.1 Lubricants
		1.2.2 Plasticisers
		1.2.3 Colourants
		1.2.4 Fillers
		1.2.5 Stabilisers
		1.2.6 Blowing Agents
		1.2.7 Fire Retardants
	1.3 The Impact of Increased Temperature on Polymers
	1.4 The Flammability of Polymers
	1.5 The Thermal Degradation of Selected Polymers
		1.5.1 Polypropylene (PP)
		1.5.2 Polyethylene (PE)
		1.5.3 Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
		1.5.4 Polyurethanes (PUR)
		1.5.5 Polystyrene (PS)
		1.5.6 Polylactic Acid (PLA)
		1.5.7 Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Copolymer (ABS)
		1.5.8 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) and Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG)
		1.5.9 Natural Polymers
	References
2 The Correlation Between External Heat Flux and Time to Ignition
	2.1 General Assumptions
	2.2 Suggested Correlations
		2.2.1 Determining Correlation According to Lawson and Simms [8]
		2.2.2 Determining Correlation According to Koohyar [9], Hallman [1] and Wesson et al. [2]
		2.2.3 Determining Correlation According to Smith and Satija [12]
		2.2.4 Determining Correlation According to Quintiere and Harkleroad [14]
		2.2.5 Determining Correlation According to Bluhme [16]
		2.2.6 Determining Correlation According to Mikkola and Wichman [18]
		2.2.7 Determining Correlation According to Delichatsios et al. [20]
		2.2.8 Determining Correlation According to Janssens [7]
		2.2.9 Determining Correlation According to Spearpoint and Quintiere [21]
		2.2.10 Determining Correlation According to Harada [22]
		2.2.11 Determining Correlation According to Shi and Chew [23]
		2.2.12 Determining Correlation According to Babrauskas [24]
		2.2.13 Determining Correlation According to An et al. [25]
	References
3 Methods of Calculation of Ignition Parameters
	3.1 The Most Frequently Used Apparatus for the Measurement of Time to Ignition
		3.1.1 Ignition Cabinet
		3.1.2 Lateral Flame Spread Apparatus
		3.1.3 Fire Propagation Apparatus
		3.1.4 Ignitability Test Apparatus
		3.1.5 Cone Calorimeter
	3.2 The Calculation of Ignition Parameters
		3.2.1 Critical Heat Flux
		3.2.2 Flux–Time Product
		3.2.3 The Thermal Response Parameter
		3.2.4 The Transfer Convective Coefficient
		3.2.5 The Apparent Thermal Inertia and Thermal Diffusivity
		3.2.6 The Ignition Temperature
	References
4 Comparing the Ignition Parameters of Various Polymers
	4.1 Materials
		4.1.1 Plastics
		4.1.2 Wood-Based Materials
	4.2 Methods Used to Compare the Ignition Parameters of Different Polymers
	4.3 Results
		4.3.1 Plastics
		4.3.2 Wood-Based Materials
	4.4 Discussion
		4.4.1 Synthetic Polymers
		4.4.2 Natural Polymer Materials
	References
Conclusion