IEEE Std 739-1995, IEEE Recommended Practice for Energy Management in Industrial and Commercial Facilities (The IEEE Bronze Book)

Title Page......Page 1
Introduction......Page 5
Participants......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 8
1.2 General discussion......Page 11
1.4 Fuel cost effects on electrical energy......Page 12
1.5 Periodicals......Page 14
1.6 Standards and Recommended Practices......Page 15
1.8 IEEE publications......Page 16
1.10 Keeping informed......Page 17
1.12 Coordination with other disciplines......Page 18
1.13 Text organization......Page 19
2.1 Introduction......Page 20
2.2 Organizing the program......Page 21
2.3 Surveying energy uses and losses......Page 22
2.4 The six equipment audit categories......Page 24
2.5 Energy conservation opportunities......Page 28
2.6 Energy monitoring and forecasting......Page 29
2.7 Employee participation......Page 39
2.9 Bibliography......Page 40
3.2 Important concepts in an economic analysis......Page 42
3.3 Economic models—their applications and limitations......Page 43
3.4 Time value of money......Page 44
3.5 Utility rate structures......Page 53
3.6 Calculating the cost of electricity......Page 56
3.7 Loss evaluation......Page 62
3.8 Bibliography......Page 68
4.2 Demand control techniques......Page 69
4.3 Utility monitoring and control system......Page 73
4.4 HVAC and energy management......Page 74
4.6 Bibliography......Page 79
5.1 Overview......Page 81
5.2 Systems and equipment......Page 82
5.3 Electric motors......Page 117
5.4 Transformers and reactors......Page 156
5.5 Capacitors and synchronous machines......Page 165
5.6 References......Page 183
5.7 Bibliography......Page 184
Annex 5A—Manufacturing end-use applications of electricity by category and sector, 1990 (billion kWh)......Page 197
Annex 5B—Steam generator system description......Page 198
Annex 5C—Compressed air systems worksheet (SEC of Victoria [B196])......Page 199
Annex 5D—Refrigeration system description......Page 203
Annex 5E—Alternating-current single-phase small (fractional-horsepower) motors rated 1/20-1 hp, 250 V or less......Page 204
Annex 5F—Typical characteristics and applications of fixed-frequency medium ac polyphase squirrel-cage ind.........Page 206
Annex 5G—Example of a 300 hp induction motor adjustable frequency drive: Efficiency vs. frequency......Page 207
Annex 5H—Example of a 300 hp induction motor adjustable frequency drive: Kilowatts vs. frequency......Page 208
Annex 5I—Typical range of efficiencies for dry-type transformers: 25–100% load......Page 209
6.2 Relationships between parameters in an electric power system survey......Page 210
6.4 Typical cost factors......Page 211
6.5 Six reasons to meter......Page 213
6.6 The importance of audits......Page 214
6.7 Utility meters......Page 218
6.8 Timing of meter disc for kilowatt measurement......Page 222
6.9 Demand meters......Page 223
6.12 Multitasking solid-state meters......Page 226
6.13 Metering location vs. requirements......Page 227
6.14 Metering techniques and practical examples......Page 228
6.16 Motor surveys......Page 231
6.17 Performing a motor survey......Page 234
6.19 Bibliography......Page 242
7.2 Definitions of basic lighting terms......Page 244
7.4 The task and the working space......Page 245
7.5 Light sources......Page 248
7.6 Ballasts......Page 255
7.7 Luminaires......Page 265
7.8 Lighting controls......Page 268
7.9 Optimizing lighting energy......Page 270
7.10 Power factor and effect of harmonics on power quality......Page 273
7.11 Interaction of lighting with other building subsystems......Page 274
7.12 Cost analysis techniques......Page 275
7.13 Lighting and energy standards......Page 277
7.14 Bibliography......Page 280
8.2 Forms of cogeneration......Page 282
8.3 Determining the feasibility of cogeneration......Page 288
8.4 Electrical interconnection......Page 292
8.5 References......Page 296
8.6 Bibliography......Page 297