ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual

Front Cover......Page 1
ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
List of Contributors......Page 18
Preface......Page 20
1.2 General definitions......Page 24
1.3 Size classification......Page 26
1.4 Main systematic groups......Page 28
1.5 Species diversity......Page 29
1.6 Ecological position......Page 31
1.8 Growth and metabolism......Page 33
1.10 Standing stock and production......Page 35
1.11 Conclusion......Page 36
1.12 References......Page 53
2.1 Introduction......Page 56
2.2 Conceptual issues......Page 57
2.3 Design of oceanographic cruises and surveys......Page 63
2.4 References......Page 72
3.1 Introduction......Page 78
3.2 A survey of sampling devices......Page 80
3.3 Factors influencing mesozooplankton samples......Page 90
3.4 Handling towed samplers......Page 95
3.6 Handling samples and sample preservation......Page 97
3.7 Collection of live zooplankton for experimental studies......Page 99
3.8 Other zooplankton instruments used in conjunction with nets......Page 100
3.9 References......Page 101
4.1 Introduction......Page 106
4.2 Shipboard sample treatment......Page 108
4.3 Biovolume and biomass determinations (W. Hagen)......Page 110
4.4 Abundance and species identification......Page 170
4.5 Analysis of community structure (H. Fock)......Page 177
4.7 References......Page 197
5.1 Introduction......Page 216
5.2 Collection methods......Page 219
5.3 Preservation and enumeration......Page 224
5.4 Determination of biomass conversion factors......Page 229
5.5 Standard protocols......Page 233
5.7 References......Page 235
6.2 General discussion of principles, instruments, techniques, and comparative approaches......Page 246
6.3 Measurement protocols, model computations, and examples......Page 264
6.5 References......Page 276
7.1 Introduction......Page 282
7.2 General discussion of principles, techniques, and comparative approaches......Page 283
7.3 Measurement protocols, model computations, and examples......Page 306
7.5 References......Page 314
8.2 Feeding mechanisms of zooplankton......Page 320
8.3 Expression of zooplankton feeding rates and common conversion factors......Page 322
8.4 Microzooplankton......Page 326
8.5 Meso- and macrozooplankton......Page 343
8.6 Difficulties with specitic zooplankton groups......Page 382
8.7 Omnivory......Page 388
8.8 Factors regulating feeding rate......Page 391
8.9 Predation behavioral models......Page 400
8.10 Concluding remarks......Page 401
8.11 Acknowledgments......Page 402
8.12 References......Page 403
9.1 Introduction: why measure growth and reproductive rates of zooplankton?......Page 424
9.2 Models of growth and fecundity......Page 426
9.3 Determination of egg production rate: broadcast spawning copepods......Page 430
9.4 Egg production rates of egg carrying copepods......Page 441
9.5 The determination of growth rate......Page 443
9.6 Biochemical and radiochemical methods......Page 448
9.7 Measurement of egg production rate of a marine planktonic copepod (Calanus Finmarchicus)......Page 462
9.8 Direct determination of copepod molting and growth rates in the field......Page 464
9.10 Referemces......Page 467
10.1 Oxygen consumption as an index of metabolism......Page 478
10.2 Nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism......Page 481
10.3 Measuring metabolic rate on live zooplankton......Page 483
10.4 Metabolic rate and enzymatic indices......Page 502
10.5 Concluding remarks......Page 512
10.6 Collection and handling of zooplankton......Page 513
10.7 Respiration......Page 516
10.8 Excretion (T. Ikeda)......Page 539
10.9 References......Page 543
11.1 Background......Page 556
11.2 Technical approaches to determining genetic diversity......Page 557
11.3 Statistical approaches to assessing genetic diversity and structure......Page 565
11.4 Strategies for preservation of zooplankton samples for genetic analysis......Page 572
11.5 General recommendations......Page 575
11.6 Measurement protocols......Page 576
11.7 Further reading......Page 585
11.8 Acknowledgments......Page 586
11.9 References......Page 587
12.1 Introduction......Page 594
12.2 Modeling approaches and techniques......Page 595
12.3 Models of individual bioenergetics and life history traits......Page 600
12.4 Population models......Page 618
12.5 Models of zooplankton communities......Page 635
12.6 Modeling spatial dynamics of zooplankton......Page 647
12.7 Acknowledgments......Page 666
12.8 References......Page 667
Index......Page 692