Hypnosis with Children

Cover
Endorsements
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Note to the Fifth Edition
Preface
Part I: Introduction
1. Scenes of Childhood
	Introduction
	The Urge for Experience
	The Urge for Mastery
	The Urge for Social Interaction
	The Urge for the Inner World of Imagination
	The Urge for Wellness
	Implications for Hypnotherapy
	References
2. Early Uses of Hypnosis with Children
	Introduction
	Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815)
	The Franklin Commission
	John Elliotson (1791-1868)
	James Braid (1795-1860)
	Charles Dickens (1812-1870) and Chauncey Hare Townshend (1798-1868)
	Jean-Martin Charcot (1835-1893)
	Auguste Ambrose Liebault (1823-1904) and Hippolyte Bernheim (1840-1919)
	J. Milne Bramwell (1852-1925)
	The Beginning of Child Hypnosis in America
	Conclusions
	References
3. Norms of Hypnotic Responsivity in Children
	Introduction
	Normative Studies
	Hypnosis as a Function of Induction and Measurement Techniques
	Hypnosis and the Young Child
	Conclusions
	References
4. Correlates of Childhood Hypnotic Responsiveness
	Introduction
	Variables
		Age
		Sex
	Nature of the Induction and of the Suggestion Item
	Genetics
	Cognitive Development
	Child Behavior
	Electroencephalographic Patterns
	Response to Thermal Biofeedback Training
	Control of Tissue Oxygen
	Achievement Motivation
	Role-playing
	Imaginative Involvement
	Attitudes toward Adults
	Parent-Child Interaction
	Factors that May Compromise Hypnotic Responsiveness
	Misconceptions about Hypnosis
	Attitudes of Significant Adults
	Attitudes in Institutional Settings
	Parents
	Situational Variables
	Conclusions
	References
5. Hypnotic Invitations for Children: Techniques, Strategies, and Approaches
	Techniques, Strategies, and Approaches
	The Pre-Invitation Interview
	A Sample of Hypnotic Invitation (Induction) Techniques for Children
	Visual (Multisensory) Imagery Techniques
		Favorite Place
		Multiple Animals
		Flower Garden
		Favorite Activity
		Cloud Gazing
		Letter Watching
		Television or Movie Fantasy
	Auditory Imagery
		Favorite Song
		Playing a Musical Instrument
		Listening to Music
	Movement Imagery
		Flying Blanket
		Movement Imagery
		Sports Activity
		Bouncing Ball
		Playground Activity
		Be a Snowman [Snowgirl] → Be a Tree
	Storytelling Techniques
	Ideomotor Techniques
	Hands Moving Together
	Hand Levitation
	Arm Lowering
	Finger Lowering
	Arm Rigidity
	Mighty Oak Tree
	Arm Catalepsy
	Progressive Relaxation Techniques
	Following Breathing
	Teddy Bear
	Balancing Muscles
	Floppy Raggedy Ann or Andy
	Eye Fixation Techniques
		Coin Technique
		Looking at Point on Hand
		Biofeedback
	Distraction and Utilization Techniques
	Using Modern Technology: Technology-Aided Induction Techniques
		Videotapes, Digital Video Recordings on Computers, Smartphones
		Smartphone Recording
		Telephone
	Group Hypnosis Experiences
	Arousal: Ending the Hypnotic Experience
	Self-Reinforcement Using Patient-Recorded Digital Audio Recording
	Hypnosis Invitation Techniques for Different Ages
	Modifications for Children with Special Problems
	Physical Disabilities
	Intellectual Disabilities and Developmental Delay
	Learning Differences
	Abused Children
	Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Severely Disturbed Children
	Terminally Ill Children and Adolescents
	Teaching Self-Hypnosis
	Hypnotic Invitations with Other Names
	Conclusions
	References
Part II: Therapeutic Applications of Hypnosis with Children
6. General Principles of Therapeutic Applications of Child Hypnosis
	Introduction
	Definition and Boundaries of Hypnotherapy (Therapeutic Hypnosis)
		Goals of Therapeutic Hypnosis
		Recognizing Developmental Issues
		Misinformation about Hypnosis and Clinical Therapeutic Hypnosis
		Parental Involvement
	Types of Therapeutic Approaches with Hypnosis
		Supportive, Ego-Enhancing Methods
		Symptom-Oriented Methods
		Dynamic, Insight-Oriented Methods
		Indications for Therapeutic Clinical Hypnosis
	Contraindications
		Absolute Contraindication: Risking Physical Endangerment
		Absolute Contraindication: Risking Aggravation of Emotional Problems
		Absolute Contraindication: Hypnosis for Fun
		Absolute Contraindication: Clinical Hypnosis Considered Not the Most Effective Treatment
		Absolute Contraindication: Request for Hypnotherapy Based on Misdiagnosis
		Relative Contraindication: Immediate Medical or Surgical Treatment Takes Precedence over Therapeutic Hypnosis
		Relative Contraindication: Another Form of Psychotherapeutic Management Takes Precedence
		Relative Contraindication: The Symptom Provides Significant Secondary Gain for the Child
	Conclusions
	References
7. Facilitating Effective Interpersonal Relationships with Hypnosis - Language for Clinicians and Parents
	Introduction
		Introducing Hypnosis to Children and Families
		History Taking
		Ego Strengthening
		Elements of Therapeutic Communication
		Words to Use and Words to Avoid
			When ... Then
			You vs. I
			Will vs. May
			Try
			Reading Minds
			"-ic" Words
			Time
			"Yet" and "just"
			Silence
		Negative Patient Reaction
		Remember the "Because"
		Trance Termination
		Re-Alerting
	Conclusion
	Note
	References
8. Hypnosis for Psychological Disorders
	Introduction
	Advantages of Psychological Hypnosis
	Risks of Psychological Hypnosis
	Behavior Disorders
	Assessment of Learning Styles
	Behavior Disorders in Young Children
	Behavior Disorders in Adolescents
	Anxiety Disorders
	Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
	Phobic Reactions
	School Avoidance
	Needle Phobia
	Animal Phobia
	Weather Phobia
	Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
	Posttraumatic Stress Disorders
	Everyday PTSD and Acute Stress Disorder
	Performance Anxiety
	Sleep Disorders
		Fear of Going to Sleep
		Nightmares
		Night Terrors (Sleep Terrors) Disorder
	Psychophysiological Disorders
	Conversion Reactions
	Psychogenic Seizures
	Psychogenic Pain
	Anorexia Nervosa
	Depression
	Conclusions
	References
9. Therapeutic Hypnosis for Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders
	Introduction
	Pervasive Developmental Disorder
	References
10. Therapeutic Hypnosis for Habit Disorders
	Introduction
	Enuresis
	Evaluation
	General Management
	A Therapeutic Hypnosis Approach
	Observations about Special Cases
	Results of Therapeutic Hypnosis for Nocturnal Enuresis
	Soiling
		Evaluation and Medical Management
		Therapeutic Hypnosis
	Speech and Voice Problems
		Stuttering
		Defects of Articulation
		Voice Problems
		Vocal Cord Dysfunction
	Intractable Cough aka Cough Tic or Habit Cough
	Giggle Micturition
	Hairpulling, Nail-biting, and Thumb-sucking
	Nail-biting
	Sleepwalking
	Chronic Overeating
	Tics and Tremors
	Habitual Drug Abuse
	Misophonia
	Cases Described
	Case Examples
	Conclusion
	References
11. Hypnosis for Problems in Learning, Performance, and Attentional Disorders
	Introduction
	Applications of Hypnosis in the Classroom
	Hypnosis with Children Who Have Intellectual Disabilities
	Hypnotic Responsiveness
	Studies of Hypnosis Effects on IQ
	The Utility of Hypnosis in Counseling Children with Cognitive Impairment
	Hypnosis for Children with Learning Disabilities
		Attentional Disorders
	Reading Disability
	Number Reversals
	Combination of Learning Problems and Text Anxiety
	Test Anxiety
	Conclusions
	References
12. Hypnotic Approaches and Strategies in the Management of Pain
	Introduction - History
	Variations in the Experience of Pain
		Age
	Individual Differences in Tolerance
	Cultural Differences
	Emotional Significance
	Context of Pain
	Toward Understanding Hypnoanalgesia
	A Psychological Lead: Alternative Cognitive Controls
	Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies Clarifying Cortical Dimensions of Pain
	Neuropeptides and Pain
	Pain-Rating Scales and Assessments
	General Principles and Guidelines for Teaching Hypnoanalgesia
	Positive Side Effects
	Techniques of Hypnoanalgesia
	Direct Suggestions for Hypnoanesthesia
	Distancing Suggestions
	Suggestions for Feelings Antithetical to Pain
	Directing Attention to the Pain or Discomfort Itself
	Distraction Techniques
	Reinforcement
	Conclusion
	References
13. Therapeutic Hypnosis for Pediatric Medical Problems
	Introduction
	Allergies
		Asthma
	Therapeutic Hypnosis Approaches to Childhood Asthma
	Results of Therapeutic Hypnosis with Children with Asthma
	Recurrent Hives
	Specific Allergies
	Cystic Fibrosis
	Dermatological Problems
		Itching, Scratching, and Picking
		Hyperhidrosis
		Warts
		Diabetes
		Dysphagia
		Erythromelalgia
		Epistaxis
		Hemophilia
	Persistent Somatic Complaints
	Gastrointestinal Disorders
		Recurrent Abdominal Pain (RAP) aka Functional Abdominal Pain (FAP)
		Functional Nausea
		Irritable Bowel Syndrome
		Inflammatory Bowel Disease
	Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
	Malignancies
		Medical Procedures
	Neurological Problems
		Headaches
		Seizures
		Urine Retention
		Vomiting
		Cyclic Vomiting
		Neurologically Mediated Intractable Reflexes
		Cerebral Palsy
		Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy)
		Rehabilitation Following Central Nervous System Injury
		Tics and Tourette's Syndrome
	Pelvic Examinations in Adolescent Girls
	Sports Medicine
	General Recommendations
	Conclusion
	References
14. Hypnotic Approaches for Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia, and Emergencies
	Introduction
	Emergency Situations
		Modifying Attitudes
		Modifying the Child's Experience
		Preoperative Visits
	Intraoperative and Postoperative Hypnosis
	Plastic Surgery
	Dermatologic Surgery
		Burns
	Dentistry
	Ophthalmology
	Neurosurgery
	Orthopedics
	Otolaryngology
	References
15. Value of Hypnosis in Pediatric Palliative Care, Grief, and Bereavement
	Introduction
	Approaches That Work
	Naturalistic Uses of Hypnotic Language and Therapeutic Hypnosis Strategies
	The Uses of Therapeutic Hypnosis in Palliative Care and with Dying Children
	Modification of Symptoms and By-products of the Disease and Treatment
	Modification of the Disease Process
		Modification of Patient's Ability to Respond with Mastery in the Dying Process
		Therapeutic Hypnosis in the Broadest Context of Experience
	Conclusion
	References
16. Biofeedback, Other Mind-Body Interventions, and Hypnosis with Children
	Introduction
	Clinical Applications with Children
	Biofeedback Equipment
	Migraine
	Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
	Raynaud's Disease
	Cerebral Palsy
	Neurofeedback
	Movement Disorders
	Hypertension
	Biofeedback Research with Children
		Nonpharmacologic Interventions Related to Biofeedback
	Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing for Children
	References
17. Self-Hypnosis
	A Tool for Prevention and Prophylaxis
	Infants
	Toddlers
	Compliance with Medical Regimens
	School-Age Stress
	Performance Anxiety
	Reduction of Morbidity from Allergies
	Cost Reduction
	Coping and Happiness
	Some Guidelines for Teaching Self-Hypnosis
	Self-Hypnosis for Child Health Professionals
	References
18. Psychoneuroimmunology
	Introduction
	Conditioning of Immunosuppression and Immunoenhancement
	Pharmacological Conditioning
	Effects of Stress and Relaxation on Immune Responses
	Is There Evidence for Intentional Immunomodulation by Humans?
	Intentional Immunomodulation in Children
	Mast-Cell Function and Hypnosis in Juvenile Migraine
	Warts
	The Future in Pediatric Psychoneuroimmunology
	References
19. Applications of Hypnosis with Children Globally
	Introduction
	Therapeutic Hypnosis with Children and Adolescents in Norway
	Self-Hypnosis around the World
	An Example of a Culturally Appropriate Hypnosis Intervention in Bali
	Therapeutic Hypnosis in the Netherlands
	Therapeutic Hypnosis in Switzerland
	Therapeutic Hypnosis and Education in Germany
	Conclusion
	References
20. Ethics: Legal Considerations, Children, and Hypnosis
	Legal Considerations, Children, and Hypnosis
	References
21. Helping Children in Disasters and Pandemics with Hypnosis
	Introduction
	The COVID-19 Pandemic
	Summary
	References
22. Teaching Pediatric Clinical Hypnosis to Child Health Clinicians
	Introduction
	Why Teach Child Hypnotherapy?
	Who Are the Learners?
	Historical Perspectives
	Creating an Interest in Learning
	A Recommended Plan of Study for Therapeutic Pediatric Clinical Hypnosis
		Education Theory
		Introductory and Foundational Learning in Pediatric Hypnosis
		Utilization (Level 2, Formerly "Intermediate"), Individualized Consultation (IC, Formerly "Advanced"), and Continuing Learning in Therapeutic Pediatric Clinical Hypnosis
	The Evolution of our Teaching Program
	The NPHTI Webinar Program
		Independent Learning
		Independent Learning with a Mentor
		Group Supervision with a Mentor
		Group Mutual Supervision
	Teaching Techniques, Strategies, and Styles
	Hypnosis Education in Other Countries
	Conclusion
	References
23. Helping Parents Help Their Children Help Themselves with Self-Hypnosis
	Introduction
	References
24. Looking to the Future
	Introduction
	Research Methodology
	Hypnotic Responsiveness
	Clinical Research
	Consortium Research
	Topics for Future Research
		Consciousness and Imagination
		Links between Mental and Physiological Processes
		Role of the Therapist in Hypnosis
		Role of the Child in Hypnosis
	The Future and Professional Hypnosis Organizations
	Art and Science
	References
Index