Hydrogen in Engineering Metallic Materials: From Atomic-Level Interactions to Mechanical Properties

Preface
Contents
1 Atomic Interactions
	1.1 Hydrogen Solubility
	1.2 Hydrogen Location in Crystal Lattice
	1.3 Atomic Complexes and Snoek-Like Relaxation
	1.4 H–H Interaction
	1.5 Hydrogen Effect on the Electron Structure: Electron Exchange
		1.5.1 Hydrogen in Iron
		1.5.2 Hydrogen in Nickel
		1.5.3 Hydrogen in Titanium
		1.5.4 Concluding Remarks
	References
2 Crystal Lattice Defects
	2.1 Hydrogen-Induced Vacancies
		2.1.1 Hydrogen-Vacancy Interaction in Metals
		2.1.2 Hydrogen-Induced Vacancies in Austenitic Steels
	2.2 Interaction Between Hydrogen Atoms and Dislocations
		2.2.1 Stacking Fault Energy
		2.2.2 Hydrogen Softening-Hardening
	2.3 Hydrogen Effect on Mobility of Grain Boundaries
	References
3 Diffusion
	3.1 Migration Paths and Enthalpies
		3.1.1 H in Iron
		3.1.2 H in Nickel
		3.1.3 H in Titanium and Its Alloys
	3.2 Hydrogen Trapping by Crystal Lattice Defects
		3.2.1 H in bcc Iron and Plain Carbon Steels
		3.2.2 H in Austenitic Steels
		3.2.3 H in Nickel
		3.2.4 H in Titanium Alloys
	3.3 Hydrogen Transport by Dislocations
	3.4 Hydrogen Migration Along Grain Boundaries
		3.4.1 Grain Boundary Diffusion of Interstitial and Substitution Solutes
		3.4.2 Thermodynamic Simulation of Hydrogen Atom Diffusion
		3.4.3 A Mechanism for Enhanced Hydrogen Flux Along Grain Boundaries
	3.5 Hydrogen Effect on Metallic Atom Diffusion in the Crystal Lattice and Short-Range Atomic Order
	References
4 Phase Transformations
	4.1 Hydrogen-Induced Phases in Iron-Based Alloys
		4.1.1 Atomic Interactions in Hydrogen-Charged γ and ε Phases
		4.1.2 Hydrogen-Caused Stresses and Plastic Deformation as a Reason for γ → ε Transformation
		4.1.3 Hydrogen-Induced γ*-Phase and Short-Range Decomposition of the Solid Solution
	4.2 Nickel Hydride or Miscibility Gap?!
		4.2.1 Atomic Interactions in the Ni–H System
		4.2.2 Thermodynamics of Ni–H Solid Solution
	4.3 H-Induced Transformations in Ti Alloys
		4.3.1 Titanium Hydrides
		4.3.2 Metal Pseudo-Hydrides and Thermodynamics
	References
5 Hydrogen Embrittlement
	5.1 Available Hypotheses
		5.1.1 Hydrogen Pressure Expansion
		5.1.2 Hydrogen Surface Adsorption
		5.1.3 Hydrogen-Induced Lattice Embrittlement
		5.1.4 Hydrogen-Enhanced Decohesion, HEDE
		5.1.5 Adsorption-Induced Dislocation Emission, AIDE
		5.1.6 Hydrogen-Enhanced Strain-Induced Vacancies, HESIV
		5.1.7 Nanoscale Hydrogen Embrittlement
		5.1.8 Hydrogen-Enhanced Localized Plasticity, HELP
	5.2 Hydrogen Embrittlement of Fe-, Ni- and Ti-Based Alloys
		5.2.1 Austenitic Steels
		5.2.2 Nickel-Based Superalloys
		5.2.3 Ti Alloys
	References
6 Hydrogen as Alloying Element
	6.1 Temporary Alloying of Titanium Alloys with Hydrogen for Improving their Technological Plasticity
	6.2 Hydrogen-Induced Grain Refinement
		6.2.1 Austenitic Steels
		6.2.2 Titanium Alloys
	References