Hydrogel for Biomedical Applications: 3D/4D Printing, Self-Healing, Microrobots, and Nanogenerators (Tissue Repair and Reconstruction)

Preface
Contents
1 Brief Introduction and Various Crosslinking Approaches
	1.1 Crosslinking Hydrogels
		1.1.1 Physically Crosslinked Hydrogels
		1.1.2 Chemically Crosslinked Hydrogels
	1.2 Concluding Remarks
	References
2 3D, 4D Printing, and Bioprinting of Hydrogels
	2.1 3D Printing
		2.1.1 Laser-Based Approaches
		2.1.2 Extrusion or Nozzle-Based Approach
		2.1.3 Digital Light Processing
		2.1.4 Inkjet-Based Approach
	2.2 4D Printing
		2.2.1 Thermo-Responsive
		2.2.2 pH-Responsive
		2.2.3 Magneto-Responsive
		2.2.4 Moisture/Humidity-Responsive
	2.3 3D Bioprinting
		2.3.1 Bioinks
		2.3.2 Cell Viability and Structural Integrity
		2.3.3 Translational Applications
	2.4 Concluding Remarks
	References
3 Self-healing Hydrogels
	3.1 Self-healing Mechanism and Chemistry
		3.1.1 Dynamic Covalent Bonding
		3.1.2 Non-covalent Bonding
		3.1.3 Double-Network Hydrogel
	3.2 3D/4D Printing
		3.2.1 Bioprinting
		3.2.2 4D Printing of Self-healing Hydrogels with Shape Memory
	3.3 Concluding Remarks
	References
4 Future of Drug Delivery: Microrobotics and Self-powered Devices
	4.1 Microrobots, Micromotors, and Nanomotors
		4.1.1 Micromotors and Nanomotors
		4.1.2 Soft Robots and Microrobots
	4.2 Hydrogel Triboelectric Nanogenerators
	4.3 Concluding Remarks
	References