Hunger Efforts and Food Security

HUNGER EFFORTS ANDFOOD SECURITY......Page 2
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE*......Page 8
WHAT GAO FOUND......Page 10
WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY......Page 11
WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS......Page 12
ABBREVIATIONS......Page 14
RESULTS IN BRIEF......Page 18
WORLD LEADERS HAVE ESTABLISHED GOALSTO HALVE WORLD HUNGER BY 2015......Page 22
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA HAS MADE LITTLE OR NO PROGRESSIN ACHIEVING WFS AND MDG GOALS......Page 24
MULTIPLE DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS IMPLEMENTPROGRAMS TO ADVANCE AGRICULTURE AND FOODSECURITY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA......Page 26
LOW AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY......Page 30
LIMITED RURAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 35
GOVERNMENT POLICY DISINCENTIVES......Page 37
POOR HEALTH......Page 38
RISING GLOBAL COMMODITY PRICES......Page 39
CLIMATE CHANGE......Page 41
LIMITED PRIORITIZATION, LOW AGRICULTURAL SPENDING,AND WEAK CAPACITY OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONSHAMPER HOST GOVERNMENT EFFORTS......Page 44
Achieving Food Security has not been Prioritized by some HostGovernments......Page 45
Some Food Security Interventions Are Unsustainable due to a Lackof Host Government Capacity......Page 47
Weak Reporting on Progress toward Hunger Goals......Page 48
Multilateral and Bilateral Aid to African Agriculture has Declined......Page 49
Donors and other Development Partners have ExperiencedDifficulties in Coordination......Page 52
FAO Estimates of Undernourishment Have Deficiencies......Page 54
USAID’s Food Aid Funding for Emergencies has IncreasedSubstantially, while its Food Aid Funding for Development has notChanged Significantly......Page 55
Despite other Agency Efforts, U.S. Presidential Initiative to EndHunger in Africa is Limited to USAID......Page 56
CONCLUSIONS......Page 58
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION......Page 59
AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION......Page 60
APPENDIX I: OBJECTIVES,SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY......Page 62
APPENDIX II: U.S. PARTICIPATIONIN THE 1996WORLD FOOD SUMMIT......Page 66
APPENDIX III: FACTORS AND INTERVENTIONSAFFECTING FOOD SECURITY......Page 70
APPENDIX IV: SUMMARY RESULTS OF GAO’SSTRUCTURED PANEL DISCUSSIONS WITHDONORS AND NGOS,WITH EXAMPLES OF INTERVENTIONS......Page 74
INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE ACCESS TO MARKETS......Page 75
INTERVENTIONS TO STRENGTHEN RURALCOMMUNITIES AND ECONOMIES......Page 76
INTERVENTIONS TO INVEST IN ANDIMPROVE INFRASTRUCTURE......Page 77
INTERVENTIONS TO INCREASE ACCESS TO INPUTS......Page 78
PARTICIPANTS IN GAO’S STRUCTURED PANEL DISCUSSIONSAND ROUNDTABLE......Page 79
APPENDIX V:ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENTPARTNERS THAT IMPLEMENT FOOD SECURITYINTERVENTIONS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA......Page 82
GROWING BIOFUEL DEMAND PROJECTEDTO INCREASE AFRICAN FOOD INSECURITY......Page 84
CLIMATE CHANGE PREDICTED TO INCREASEAFRICAN FOOD INSECURITY......Page 87
ADDITIONAL SOURCE INFORMATION......Page 91
APPENDIX VII: COMMENTS FROM THE U.S.AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 94
GAO COMMENTS......Page 96
APPENDIX VIII: COMMENTS FROMTHE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE......Page 100
GAO COMMENT......Page 101
APPENDIX IX: COMMENTS FROMTHE DEPARTMENT OF STATE......Page 102
GAO COMMENTS......Page 106
RELATED GAO PRODUCTS......Page 108
ENDNOTES......Page 110
INDEX......Page 116