Humanitarian Intervention, Colonialism, Islam, and Democracy: An Analysis Through the Human-Nonhuman Distinction

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
A note on the criteria for transliterating the Arabic terms
Introduction
PART I: Intervening for humanity
	1. The origins of humanitarian intervention
		1.1. What legitimation for humanitarian intervention: A historical reconstruction
		1.2. The theory of humanitarian intervention: Barbarous
		1.3. Natural law and “Human law”: Western humanity’s
		1.4. The Eastern question
		1.5. Partitioning the empire
	2. Civilization and power: Developing the colonial paradigm
		2.1. Colonial thinking: Tocqueville and the “Eastern question”
		2.2. Algeria: Domination and colonization—outlines of a paradigm
		2.3. Tocqueville’s Qurʾān
		2.4. Representing the colonized: The contribution of psychiatry—a “Muslim psychiatry”
		2.5. Frantz Fanon: Decolonizing the “Mental illness” of the colonized
		2.6. Human and nonhuman: “How to make men out of those who are not yet men?” Colonialism and an inferior humanity
	3. Deconstructing the concepts of humanity and human nature
		3.1. The Western paradigm: Human nature
			3.1.1. Human nature and Western hegemony
			3.1.2. The condition of slavery of the Indios: A different humanity
			3.1.3. The conquest of humanity
			3.1.4. What barbarism? Cannibalism and the force of customs; reason and common sense
			3.1.5. Hume: The science of man and human nature
			3.1.6. Rousseau: Human nature as identification with the other
			3.1.7. From civilization to civilizations
			3.1.8. Human egoism and human nature
			3.1.9. International law and Western civilization
		3.2. A relation of complementarity between psychic universalism and cultural plurality: Human life, psychic unity, and cultural d
	4. The responsibility to protect, humanitarian intervention,
and neocolonial policies
		4.1. The international community and sovereignty:
		4.2. War, humanitarian intervention, and the function of law
		4.3. Humanitarian intervention and the “responsibility to protect”
		4.4. Hegemonic logics and forms of neocolonialism
		4.5. More on sovereignty: How to redefine it? A standing hypocrisy?
		4.6. Hegemonic techniques, constitutionalism, and international law
		4.7. Excursus: Humanity—history of an idea
			4.7.1. Humanity and dignity
			4.7.2. Humanity, international law, and international human rights law
PART II: New democracies?
	5. Anticolonial nationalism and Arab nationalism
		5.1. Anticolonial nationalism
		5.2. Anticolonial nationalism, nation, and state
		5.3. The nationalist mission
		5.4. Arab nationalism
	6. The system of Arab states and the persistence of traditional social structures
		6.1. The system of Arab states
		6.2. Traditional structures and nation-state building
	7. Colonial law and the formation of the nation-state
		7.1. Colonial law
		7.2. The colonies’ political and administrative organization
		7.3. The colonial government of Tunisia and Algeria
		7.4. The reception of French law in the Muslim world
		7.5. The failed attempt of the Code Morand
		7.6. Importation, cross-fertilization, assimilation
	8. Democracy in Islam and Western democracy: Convergences and divergences
		8.1. Constitutional transformations
		8.2. Independence and constitutions
			8.2.1. Al-Sadāt’s “Permanent constitution”
		8.3. An Islamic constitutionalism?
		8.4. Islam and democracy: How to tackle the problem?
		8.5. Islamic reformism
		8.6. The Islamic concept of the civil state: Ethics
		8.7. Two democracies, Western and Islamic: What divergences?
		8.8. The sovereignty of God and the sovereignty of the people
		8.9. Legitimacy and validity
		8.10. Which sovereignty?
		8.11. Excursus: Interpretation
		8.12. One more excursus: Muslim law and religion
		8.13. Democracy and shūrā
		8.14. Colonialism, nationalism, secularization
		8.15. One final excursus: An interpretation of Islamic reformism
		8.16. The perspective of liberal and democratic reformism
	9. Tunisia and Egypt: Two constitutional models
		9.1. Constitutionalism and revolutions
		9.2. The Tunisian case: A model for a path towards democracy
		9.3. Egypt: A postcolonial revolution
		9.4. The Egyptian constitutional model
		9.5. The new Egyptian constitution: The Janus-faced nature of the Egyptian state
		9.6. Tunisia: A democratic future
		9.7. Tunisia: At long last the first elections in the new democracy
		9.8. The Arab Springs in the destabilized landscape of the Middle East
		9.9. Tunisia: What prospects for the future?
		9.10. Can the compromise stand?
		9.11. The challenges ahead
	10. The Arab Springs: An analysis of its roots and causes
		10.1. The causes of the uprisings
		10.2. From revolt to revolution: The people reclaiming their dignity
		10.3. The civil war in Libya
		10.4. After the fall of the regime
		10.5. Autumn after spring?
			10.5.1. What peace for Libya?
			10.5.2. Europe’s role
		10.6. Revolt and revolution in Tunisia
		10.7. The crisis of the Arab Spring in Egypt
		10.8. The end of the Arab Spring in Egypt
		10.9. What future for Egypt?
	11. Democratization and development in the Arab countries of the Mediterranean area
		11.1. The Europeanization of the southern
			11.1.1. A Short reconstruction of relations between the two shores
			11.1.2. Beyond Barcelona
			11.1.3. The Europeanization of North African countries
			11.1.4. New prospects for cooperation
		11.2. The complex relation between Islam
			11.2.1. Democracy and Islam in the Mediterranean
		11.3. The relation between democracy and development
			11.3.1. Democracy as a condition of economic development
			11.3.2. Immigration, development, and European policies
		11.4. Europe’s challenges in fostering democracy along
			11.4.1. The European Union, human rights, and democracy
			11.4.2. The state’s security and human security as a new prospect for cooperation
			11.4.3. A new development model
		11.5. What next?
			11.5.1. The Arab Spring revolutions and the possible future
			11.5.2. Migrations across the Mediterranean and Europe: What does the future hold?
Index