Humanism in Business

Half-tiitle......Page 3
Series-title......Page 5
Title......Page 7
Copyright......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Figures......Page 12
Tables......Page 13
Shiban Khan......Page 14
Heiko Spitzeck......Page 15
Omar Aktouf......Page 16
Matt Cherry......Page 17
Bill Drayton......Page 18
Adrian Henriques......Page 19
Stephan Kaiser......Page 20
Klaus Leisinger......Page 21
Domènec Melé......Page 22
Julian Nida-Rümelin......Page 23
Miguel Pereira Lopes......Page 24
Nicola M. Pless......Page 25
Amartya Sen......Page 26
Allen L. White......Page 27
Stephen B. Young......Page 28
Muhammad Yunus......Page 29
Acknowledgements......Page 30
Humanistic Management Network: paving the way towards a life-serving economy......Page 31
Our pledge......Page 32
The king is dead, long live the king?......Page 35
The systemic level......Page 37
The organizational level......Page 38
The individual level......Page 39
Why this book?......Page 40
Part 2. Towards an integration of humanism and business on a systems level......Page 42
Part 4. The individual as a change agent for a humane business society......Page 43
References......Page 45
Part 1 Philosophic-historical grounding of humanism......Page 47
Elements and variants......Page 49
Philosophical grounds of humanism......Page 52
Is humanism reconcilable with economics?......Page 56
References......Page 59
2 The humanist tradition......Page 60
The atheist materialism of ancient India......Page 62
The humanist agnosticism of ancient China......Page 63
Classical Greece and Rome......Page 64
The Islamic world......Page 67
The Renaissance and the birth of science......Page 68
The Age of Reason......Page 70
Revolutions......Page 73
Anti-clericalism in the Latin world......Page 75
Liberalism, socialism, and secularism......Page 76
Marx and dialectical materialism......Page 78
Evolution......Page 80
Organized humanism......Page 81
Beyond the twentieth century......Page 82
References......Page 85
3 Humanism and culture: balancing particularity and universalism among the world’s religions......Page 86
The universal and the particular......Page 88
Humanism......Page 89
Cultural identity......Page 90
Minority voices: roots of humanism in the world’s great religious traditions......Page 91
Seeds of Humanism around the world......Page 92
The emergence of cultural Humanisms......Page 94
Multiple identities, rational priorities......Page 95
Formalized cultural Humanism......Page 97
Common cause with like-minded others......Page 99
References......Page 100
The ethical challenges of globalization......Page 102
Bygone business ethics......Page 103
Business ethics redux......Page 104
The nemesis of business ethics......Page 106
What is economic philosophy?......Page 108
Micro-level......Page 109
Macro-level......Page 111
Foundations of economic philosophy......Page 112
References......Page 115
5 The global economy from a moral point of view......Page 118
The options for moral grounding......Page 119
(A) God......Page 120
(B) Reason......Page 121
(2) The ground of natural law......Page 123
(D) Herbert Spenser/social Darwinism......Page 124
(A) Hinduism......Page 125
(F) New Age consciousness......Page 126
Morality and ethics......Page 127
Ends expected from the global economy......Page 129
The economy: a quintessential humanistic phenomenon......Page 130
A common alignment for human institutions......Page 131
References......Page 134
6 The implications of humanism for business studies......Page 135
The deleterious dialectic......Page 136
The need for a radical humanism......Page 141
Towards a beneficial dialectic: the elimination of alienating work and the adoption of a humanistic governance......Page 146
Key lessons......Page 151
References......Page 152
Introduction......Page 157
Humanism and anti-humanism at the beginning of the twenty-first century......Page 158
Humanism and business: where we come from?......Page 162
Humanistic tendencies in business......Page 164
Conclusion......Page 170
References......Page 171
Part 2 Towards an integration of humanism and business on a systems level......Page 175
A change of perspective: “It’s not the economy, stupid – it’s society!”......Page 177
A brief critique of (not quite) pure economic rationality......Page 178
The republican spirit of true liberalism and the business ethos of responsible citizens......Page 181
The core of a civilized market economy: rights and responsibilities of economic citizenship......Page 183
Conclusion......Page 187
References......Page 188
9 Development as freedom: individual freedom as a social commitment......Page 190
Interdependence between freedom and responsibility......Page 191
Justice, freedom and responsibility......Page 193
What difference does freedom make?......Page 197
Why the difference?......Page 199
Human capital and human capability......Page 201
A final remark......Page 205
References......Page 206
Accepting a conceptual challenge......Page 209
Bearers of rights need corresponding bearers of obligations......Page 210
Different generations of human rights......Page 212
The second generation: rights of entitlement to a life of dignity......Page 213
The state of the human rights and business debate......Page 214
The state duty to protect......Page 215
The corporate responsibility to respect......Page 216
Defining "sphere of influence" and "complicity"......Page 217
Generally accepted essentials......Page 219
Corporate human rights commitment as values management......Page 220
The decision-making process on corporate commitment to human rights......Page 222
The "midwife function" of internal and external dialogue......Page 223
Implementation through management processes......Page 227
Credible verification......Page 230
Economic, social, and cultural human rights issues......Page 231
Conclusion: the business case for corporate human rights engagement......Page 232
References......Page 236
The turn to values......Page 238
Ethics pays......Page 240
The corporation's evolving personality......Page 241
New standard of performance......Page 244
Performing at a higher level......Page 246
Principle: is this action consistent with relevant principles?......Page 247
People: does this action respect the legitimate claims of the people likely to be affected?......Page 248
Power: do we have the power to take this action?......Page 249
References......Page 250
Globalization–technology–US supremacy: the turning of the tide?......Page 252
Dominance of the financial sector......Page 255
Waste of resources......Page 256
Life is more than consumption......Page 257
What can the younger generation of academics do?......Page 258
References......Page 260
Part 3 Humanistic management......Page 261
13 Democratizing the corporation......Page 263
Beyond containment......Page 264
Why democratize governance?......Page 266
Unbundling democratization......Page 270
Toward deeper democratization......Page 272
Prototypes for the future......Page 274
Reflections......Page 278
References......Page 280
Introduction......Page 282
The evolution of social entrepreneurship......Page 283
Market orientation......Page 284
Sociality......Page 285
Models of social entrepreneurship......Page 286
Integrated social enterprises......Page 287
How can social entrepreneurship serve as a model for humane business organizations?......Page 288
Corporate social entrepreneurship......Page 289
Structure......Page 290
Conclusion......Page 291
References......Page 292
1. Philosophical foundations......Page 294
1. Problem-solving culture......Page 296
2. Mistakes-as-learning-opportunity culture......Page 297
3. Constructive confrontation and conflict culture......Page 299
5. Creativity and fantasy culture......Page 300
3. Guidelines for implementing center of excellence cultures: principle-based leadership......Page 301
The principle-based model of leadership......Page 302
2. The principle of transparency through information and communication......Page 303
3. The principle of participation and autonomy......Page 304
4. The principle of justice......Page 305
6. The principle of optimal stimulation by means of goal-setting......Page 306
8. The principle of being a role model......Page 307
4. Conclusion......Page 308
References......Page 309
16 Positive organizational scholarship: embodying a humanistic perspective on business......Page 312
A humanistic perspective on business......Page 313
What is positive organizational scholarship?......Page 315
Accentuating the positive......Page 319
Impacting the real world......Page 321
Strengthening the legitimacy......Page 322
Concluding remarks: POS as pragmatic humanism......Page 324
References......Page 327
17 Corporate sustainability as an indicator for more humanism in business? A view beyond the usual hype in Europe......Page 333
The importance of corporate sustainability in Europe......Page 334
Individual stakeholder – positions and significance......Page 335
Three stakeholder clusters......Page 339
Climate change – new momentum for corporate sustainability?......Page 340
What does this tell us?......Page 341
Reference......Page 342
Nature pays for economic growth......Page 343
Who is responsible?......Page 345
WWF engaging business in partnerships......Page 347
Why do companies partner WWF?......Page 349
Can NGOs help corporations become sustainable?......Page 351
WWF's process of cooperation......Page 352
Measuring the success of partnerships......Page 353
Corporations are starting to change......Page 354
Case studies: WWF’s international climate change partnerships......Page 355
Case study 1: Lafarge – setting new standards in the cement industry worldwide......Page 356
Case study 2: Nike – an ambassador for sustainability......Page 357
Case study 3: Allianz – driving change in the financial industry......Page 358
Critical evaluation of case studies and partnerships......Page 359
Conclusion......Page 360
Part 4 The individual as a change agent for a humane business society......Page 363
Encoding integrity......Page 365
Personal revelation......Page 370
Keeping a sense of proportion......Page 373
References......Page 374
The new world order and disorder......Page 375
The power of humanist social leadership......Page 382
One globe, two planets......Page 387
References......Page 390
21 The leader as responsible change agent: promoting humanism in and beyond business......Page 392
Leadership in times of complexity, connectivity, and concern about the state of the world......Page 393
The "theatre of illusions" of leadership as we know it......Page 395
Reconstructing the moral ontology of leadership......Page 397
The leader as responsible change agent......Page 399
References......Page 404
22 Quiet leadership: a way to sustainable positive change......Page 409
Messy, everyday challenges......Page 412
Surprising approaches......Page 413
Don't kid yourself......Page 415
Trust mixed motives......Page 416
Buy a little time......Page 417
Drill down......Page 418
Bend the rules......Page 419
Craft a compromise......Page 420
Three quiet virtues......Page 421
23 Everyone a changemaker: social entrepreneurship’s ultimate goal......Page 422
Everyone a changemaker......Page 425
Transforming the youth years......Page 428
Needed: new social financial services......Page 431
Where are we going?......Page 435
Capitalism is interpreted too narrowly......Page 436
Social business entrepreneurs can play a key role in the market......Page 437
The potential for social business enterprises......Page 442
How to make a start......Page 443
Social business entrepreneurs are the solution......Page 444
Appendix: Extracts from "Grameen Danone Foods – A Social Business Enterprise," Joint Venture Agreements.......Page 445
Be bold – allow yourself to envision a life-conducive economy......Page 447
Part one – philosophical grounds and implications......Page 448
Part two – the systemic level......Page 451
Part three – the organizational level......Page 453
Part four – the individual level......Page 455
Be realistically optimistic – allow yourself to make an impact......Page 458
A brief reflection......Page 459
Three reasons for being realistically optimistic......Page 460
References......Page 461
Index......Page 462