Human Systems Management: Integrating Knowledge, Management and Systems

Contents......Page 18
Dedication......Page 6
Foreword......Page 8
Acknowledgments......Page 12
Introduction......Page 14
1.1 Information is Not Knowledge......Page 26
1.1.1 Knowledge Era......Page 27
1.1.2 Knowledge versus Information......Page 28
1.2 Knowledge as Capital......Page 30
1.2.1 Knowledge and the Prosperity of Nations......Page 32
1.3 Definition and Taxonomy of Knowledge......Page 37
1.3.1 Forms of Knowledge......Page 39
1.3.2 DIKW Chain......Page 40
1.3.3 Tacit and Explicit Knowledge?......Page 41
1.3.4 Measuring Knowledge......Page 42
1.3.5 Value of Knowledge: An Example......Page 44
1.3.6 Knowledge-Information Cycle: ECIS......Page 46
1.3.7 Theory of knowledge......Page 50
1.3.8 Language......Page 51
1.3.10 Knowledge as a Process......Page 52
1.3.11 Uses and Users of Knowledge......Page 53
1.4 Division and Reintegration of Knowledge......Page 55
1.4.1 Process of Reintegration......Page 62
1.5 Knowledge Management......Page 64
1.6 Wisdom and Strategy......Page 66
1.6.1 Definition......Page 67
1.6.2 On the Art of Asking Why......Page 68
1.6.3 Wisdom and Ethics......Page 69
1.6.4 Wisdom Based Strategy......Page 70
1.7.1 The Notion of Change......Page 73
1.7.2 The Impact of Communication......Page 76
1.7.3 The Nature of Love and Respect......Page 77
1.7.4 The Role of Conversation......Page 78
1.7.5 Purpose and Identity......Page 79
1.7.6 Human Systems......Page 80
1.8 Fuzzines, Ambiguity and Imprecision......Page 81
1.8.1 Language and Fuzzy Labels......Page 83
1.8.2 Fuzziness and Interpretation......Page 86
1.8.3 Negotiated Meaning......Page 87
1.8.4 Meaning from Imprecision: Fuzzy Sets......Page 90
1.8.5 Production of Knowledge......Page 92
1.8.5.1 Knowledge of the Constructed......Page 93
1.8.5.2 Construction of the Fuzzy......Page 94
1.8.6 Cognitive Equilibrium......Page 97
CHAPTER 2 MANAGEMENT OF SYSTEMS: Global Management Paradigm......Page 104
2.1 Managing in the Global Era: GMP......Page 105
2.1.1 Business Process Reengineering (BPR)......Page 108
2.1.1.1 What is BPR?......Page 109
2.1.1.2 Reengineering as Reintegration......Page 111
2.1.1.3 Continuous Improvement......Page 112
2.1.1.4 The “10-90 Rule”......Page 113
2.1.1.5 The Process of BPR......Page 114
2.1.1.6 Reengineering and Strategy......Page 116
2.1.2 Customer Integration (IPM)......Page 117
2.1.2.1 Roots of IPM......Page 118
2.1.2.2 Role of Feedback......Page 120
2.1.2.3 The Role of Knowledge......Page 121
2.1.2.4 Prosumer......Page 122
2.1.2.5 Summary of IPM......Page 123
2.1.2.6 Process Ownership......Page 124
2.1.2.7 Planning and Strategy Formation......Page 125
2.1.3 Mass Customization......Page 127
2.1.3.1 Customizing Value Chain......Page 129
2.1.3.2 New Realities......Page 130
2.1.3.3 Customer-Triggered Production......Page 131
2.1.3.4 Examples of MC......Page 132
2.1.3.5 Discarding the Old, Learning the New......Page 134
2.1.3.6 Knowledge Beyond Information......Page 135
2.1.4 Elimination of Tradeoffs......Page 136
2.1.4.1 Multiple Objectives and Tradeoffs......Page 137
2.1.4.2 Tradeoffs Graphics......Page 138
2.1.4.3 Numerical Tradeoffs......Page 140
2.1.4.4 Optimal Portfolio of Resources......Page 143
2.1.5 Intracompany Markets and Amoeba Systems......Page 145
2.1.5.1 Biotic Amoeba Analogy......Page 146
2.1.6 Business Lnetics......Page 147
2.2 Forecasting and Foresight......Page 151
2.2.1 Decline of Forecasting......Page 152
2.2.2 Reframing Strategy and Knowledge......Page 156
2.3 Self-service and Do-It-Yourself......Page 158
2.3.1 Key Concepts......Page 159
2.3.2 Evolution of Sectors of Employment......Page 161
2.3.3 Towards Self-service......Page 162
2.3.4 Work and Leisure......Page 163
2.3.5 Telepresence and Telework......Page 166
2.3.6 What is Telework?......Page 167
2.3.7 Applications of Telework......Page 168
2.3.8 Technical Challenges......Page 170
2.3.9 The Next Best Thing to Being There......Page 171
2.4 MBA Global Education......Page 174
2.4.1 MBA and the Schools of Business......Page 175
2.4.2 Need for Integration......Page 176
2.4.3 What is the Global E-MBA?......Page 178
2.4.4 Mass-Customized MBA......Page 179
2.4.4.2 Online Course Exchange......Page 181
2.4.4.5 Support Net......Page 182
3.1 New Economy of Networks......Page 184
3.1.1 Evolution of Management Systems......Page 185
3.1.1.1 Summary ofthe Four Stages......Page 187
3.1.1.2 Stakeholding in Networks......Page 188
3.1.1.3 New Rules......Page 189
3.1.1.4 Biologcal Imperative......Page 193
3.1.1.5 Evolutionary Approach......Page 195
3.1.1.6 Strategy Paradigm Reversal......Page 196
3.1.2 The New Economy and the Cluetrain Manifesto......Page 201
3.2 High Technology Management......Page 205
3.2.1 Components of Technology......Page 207
3.2.2 Technology Support Net......Page 208
3.2.3 High Technology......Page 210
3.2.4 High-Technology Environment......Page 213
3.2.5 An Example of High Technology......Page 215
3.3.1 Machine/Organism Dichotomy......Page 217
3.3.2 Autopoiesis (Self-Production) of Networks......Page 219
3.3.2.2 Concepts and Definitions......Page 220
3.3.2.3 Organizational Embedding......Page 223
3.3.2.4 The Role of Feedback......Page 224
3.3.2.5 Summary of Autopoiesis......Page 225
3.3.2.6 Autopoiesis and Knowledge......Page 227
3.3.3 The Model of Autopoiesis......Page 228
3.3.3.1 Sustainability and Self-sustainability......Page 230
3.3.4 Regonal Enterprise Networks......Page 231
3.3.5 TCG Triangulation Networks......Page 233
3.3.6 Eco-Societies and Social Autopoiesis......Page 234
3.3.6.1 Individuals in Networks......Page 235
3.3.6.2 Social Self-Organization......Page 236
3.3.6.3 Detection of Autopoiesis......Page 239
3.3.6.4 Boundaries of Social Systems......Page 241
3.3.6.5 All Autopoietic Systems are Social Systems......Page 242
3.3.6.6 Biological Organisms are Social Systems . .......Page 243
3.3.6.8 Social Neighborhoods......Page 244
3.3.6.9 Birth-Death Processes......Page 245
3.3.6.10 Evolution......Page 246
3.3.6.11 Closure......Page 247
3.3.7 Tectology and its Basic Concepts......Page 248
3.3.7.1 Complexes: Formative Mechanisms......Page 249
3.3.7.3 Tectological Implications......Page 250
3.3.7.5 Crises......Page 251
3.3.7.6 Language......Page 252
4.1 Multiple Criteria Decision Making......Page 254
4.1.2 Attributes......Page 256
4.1.3 Objectives......Page 258
4.1.4 Goals......Page 259
4.1.5 Vector Optimization......Page 262
4.1.6 Scalar Maximization and Weights of Importance......Page 263
4.1.7 Interactive Support......Page 265
4.1.8 Multiple Decision Makers......Page 268
4.2.1 Beauty......Page 269
4.2.2 Quality......Page 271
4.2.3 Harmony......Page 272
4.3 Tradeoffs-Free Decision Making......Page 273
4.3.1 On the Nature of Tradeoffs......Page 274
4.3.2 Examples of Tradeoffs......Page 275
4.3.3 New Thoughts on Tradeoffs......Page 277
4.4 Conflict and its Dissolution......Page 278
4.4.1 Definition of Conflict......Page 279
4.4.2 Conflict Dissolution......Page 284
4.4.3 Significance of Conflict......Page 287
4.4.4 Prominent Alternative......Page 288
4.5.1 Means and Ends......Page 289
4.5.2 Utility Maximization......Page 290
4.5.3 Ideal Point......Page 293
4.5.4 Displacement of Preferences......Page 294
4.5.5 Conclusion......Page 298
CHAPTER 5 ATTAINING WISDOM: Wisdom of Management Systems......Page 300
5.1.1 Henry Ford......Page 301
5.1.2 Ross Perot......Page 304
5.1.3 George F. Johnson......Page 305
5.1.4 James F. Lincoln......Page 307
5.1.5 Sir Fletcher Jones......Page 309
5.1.6 Tomas Bata......Page 312
5.1.7 Homer M. Sarasohn......Page 313
5.2 Bata System of Management......Page 314
5.2.1 The System of “Eight Principles”......Page 315
5.2.2 Evolution of Bata Co.......Page 316
5.2.3 The Aim of an Enterprise......Page 322
5.3 Bata Management Wisdom......Page 323
5.4 Wisdom and Culture......Page 343
APPENDIX (Selected Formal Models)......Page 348
A1. Simulation Model of Autopoiesis......Page 350
A2. Eight Concepts of Optimality......Page 366
A3. De Novo Programming......Page 378
A4. The External Reconstruction Approach (ERA)......Page 388
A5. Human Judgment and Regression Analysis......Page 396
A6. Consumer Attitudes Modeling (ADAM)......Page 404
A7. Risk Measures and Portfolio Analysis......Page 418
A8. Formalism of Fuzziness......Page 438
Author's Biography......Page 444
Human Systems Management. the Journal......Page 445
Selected Publications of the Author......Page 447
Bibliography......Page 466
Index......Page 480