Human Rights Issues in Tourism

Cover
Endorsement
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of contents
Boxes
Preface
Acknowledgements
Acronyms
Section 1 Background of human rights in tourism
	1 Introduction to human rights and civil rights in tourism and hospitality
		1.1 Introduction: human rights and tourism
		1.2 Brief historical account of the evolution of human rights concepts
		1.3 Core international human rights instruments
		1.4 Universalism vs. cultural relativism discourse on human rights
		1.5 Human rights, civil rights, and civil liberties – similarities and differences in terminology
		1.6 The relationship between international human rights law and domestic law
		1.7 Access to justice and remedies for human rights violations
		1.8 Conclusion: the interface between tourism and human rights
		Permissions
		References
	2 Tourism enterprises and human rights
		2.1 Tourism enterprises and human rights – an introduction
		2.2 Should tourism enterprises be held responsible for human rights violations?
		2.3 The evolvement of voluntary human rights guidelines for corporations
		2.4 Legally enforceable corporate human rights obligations
		2.5 Jurisdiction over corporate human rights violations
		2.6 Conclusion
		Permissions
		References
	3 Human rights, development, and the sustainable development goals
		3.1 Introduction
		3.2 UN declaration of human rights and UN declaration to the rights to development
		3.3 From the millennium development goals to the Sustainable Development Goals
		3.4 The tourism industry’s path to sustainability
		3.5 From the UNWTO declarations to the Berlin Declaration – tourism in the Sustainable Development Goals
		3.6 Conclusion
		References
	4 Politics, human rights, and tourism
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 Dimensions of the politics of human rights and the political environment
		4.3 Comparative politics: human rights records of nations and tourism businesses
		4.4 Human rights issues in laws and good governance
		4.5 Politics, tourism, and the relationship to human rights
			4.5.1 Political stability, state policy, tourism, and human rights
			4.5.2 The political economy in tourism operations and human rights
		4.6 Conclusion
		Note
		References
Section 2 Human rights issues in tourism
	5 Human security, human rights, and tourism
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Brief evolution of the concept of security
			5.2.1 From “security” to “human security” in the UN system
		5.3 Human rights and human security
		5.4 Human security issues affecting tourism
			5.4.1 Personal safety and tourism
				Exploitation against human beings in tourism
				Terrorist attacks
				Violence towards tourists and residents
			5.4.2 Health security and tourism
				Communicable diseases and health care
				Hygiene and sanitation
			5.4.3 Food, shelter, basic needs security and tourism
			5.4.4 Community security and tourism
			5.4.5 Political security and tourism
				Pro-democracy uprising: The Arab Spring
			5.4.6 Economic security and tourism
			5.4.7 Environmental security and tourism
		5.5 Conclusions
		References
	6 Right to privacy and tourism
		6.1 The right to privacy: an introduction
		6.2 The right to privacy in international human rights law
		6.3 The human right to privacy codified at the national level
		6.4 Physical invasion of privacy in tourism accommodation establishments
		6.5 Invasion of privacy in tourism accommodation establishments by access to personal records
		6.6 Security screenings and physical searches before air travel
		6.7 Collection of personal information– advance passenger information programs and no-fly lists
		6.8 Conclusion
		Permission
		References
	7 Displacement in tourism
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Physical displacement of peoples
			7.2.1 Physical displacement of people and ‘gentrification’
			7.2.2 Disasters and displacement of people
		7.3 Economic displacement of businesses and industries
			7.3.1 Economic displacement and creative destruction
			7.3.2 Economic displacement and the sharing economy
			7.3.3 Economic displacement in tourism caused by COVID-19
		7.4 Displacement of culture
			7.4.1 Cultural displacement and the colonial past
			7.4.2 Cultural displacement through cultural commodification
		7.5 Conclusion
		References
	8 Discrimination of patrons in tourism establishments
		8.1 Discrimination of patrons in tourism establishments – an introduction
		8.2 Discrimination in tourism establishments based on race, national or ethnic origin
		8.3 Discrimination in tourism establishments based on sex/gender
		8.4 Discrimination in tourism establishments based on sexual orientation or gender identity
		8.5 Discrimination in tourism establishment based on religious orientation
		8.6 Discrimination in tourism establishments based on disability
		8.7 Discrimination in tourism establishments and conflicts between different principles
		8.8 Conclusion
		References
	9 Rights to freedom of movement and tourism
		9.1 Introduction and Overview of Mobility
		9.2 Mobility as a symbol of freedom of movement
		9.3 Freedom of movement and rights to travel
			9.3.1 Definition of “freedom of movement”
			9.3.2 Is there a right to tourism?
		9.4 Globalisation and the rights to freedom of movement
			9.4.1 Influence of globalisation on mobility
			9.4.1 COVID-19 and the impact on global mobility
			9.4.3 Mobility and accessibility of persons with special needs
			9.4.4 Globalisation and the rise of nationalism
			9.4.5 Inequality of mobilities through passports and travel visas
			9.4.6 Impact of national security technology on rights
			9.4.7 Issues of migration of labour in tourism
		9.5 Conclusion
		Permission
		References
	10 Human rights and labour conditions in tourism establishments
		10.1 Employees in tourism establishments
		10.2 Human rights and labour standards in the travel and tourism sector
		10.3 Freedom of association and collective bargaining in tourism establishments
		10.4 Forced and compulsory labour in tourism establishments
		10.5 Child labour in tourism establishments
		10.6 Decent work for all in the travel and tourism sector
		10.7 Discrimination of tourism and travel employees
		10.8 Migrant workers in tourism establishments
		10.9 Conclusion
		Permission
		References
	11 Human rights, the environment, and tourism
		11.1 Introduction
			11.1.1 Influence of three major UN documents on environmental law
			11.1.2 Do people have “rights to environment”?
			11.1.3 Impacts of anthropogenic climate change on human rights
		11.2 The human–environment relationship
			11.2.1 Agriculture, industrialisation, and environmental changes
			11.2.2 Environmentalism and environmental movements
		11.3 Environmental issues in tourism
			11.3.1 Tourism’s contribution to global warming
			11.3.2 Government and the tourism industry’s response to environmental issues in tourism
		11.4 Conclusion
		References
	12 Indigenous people’s rights and tourism
		12.1 Introduction
			12.1.1 Definition of Indigenous people
			12.1.2 Evolution of conflicts between Indigenous peoples and non-Indigenous peoples
		12.2 Indigenous people’s rights and the evolution of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)
		12.3 The significance of Indigenous people’s rights in tourism
		12.4 Challenges and opportunities in Indigenous tourism
			12.4.1 Challenges of Indigenous tourism
			12.4.2 Opportunities in Indigenous Tourism
		12.5 Conclusion
		References
	13 Sex tourism
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Sex Tourism: Origins, Legal Responses and Impact on the Economy
		13.3 Children in commercial sexual exploitation
		13.4 Human trafficking, modern slavery and forced sexual exploitation
		13.5 Corporate measures to eliminate forced and underage sex tourism
		13.6 Conclusion
		Permissions
		References
Section 3 Conclusion
	14 Human rights in tourism: Concluding remarks
		14.1 Introduction
		14.2 Chapter contributions and discussion questions
		14.3 The COVID-19 pandemic, tourism, human rights issues, and global governance
		14.4 Conclusion and final thoughts
		References
Index