Human Rights and Asian Values: Contesting National Identities and Cultural Representations in Asia (Democracy in Asia)

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
Introduction......Page 9
THE ASIAN VALUES DISCOURSE......Page 10
A CRITICAL APPROACH......Page 13
NATIONHOOD IN DISTRESS......Page 18
A MOST SOPHISTICATED CHALLENGE......Page 21
BEYOND ASIAN VALUES?......Page 24
NOTES......Page 26
1 Since There Is No East and There Is No West, How Could Either Be the Best?......Page 29
DEMOCRACY YES, WEST NO......Page 30
THE EAST PROMOTES HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 33
CHINA AS PROMOTER AND VIOLATOR OF HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 38
PROUD SOVEREIGNTY......Page 44
WHITHER CHINA? WHITHER ASIA?......Page 45
NOTES......Page 49
2 Universal Rights and Particular Cultures......Page 51
CULTURE AND INTERPRETATION......Page 53
CULTURE, DEMOCRACY AND HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 55
EXCHANGE AND DOMINATION......Page 58
A GLOBAL COMMUNITY......Page 60
DIALOGUE AND BEYOND......Page 61
CONCLUSION: RIGHTS WITHOUT FRONTIERS......Page 63
NOTES......Page 64
3 Thick and Thin Accounts of Human Rights: Lessons from the Asian Values Debate......Page 66
THICK AND THIN ACCOUNTS......Page 68
SUBSTANTIATING RIGHTS......Page 70
MARGINS OF APPRECIATION......Page 73
THE ASIAN FACTOR......Page 75
CULTURE AND RIGHTS......Page 77
CONCLUSION......Page 79
NOTES......Page 80
GROUNDS FOR REJECTING INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS......Page 82
EXAMINING THE PHILIPPINE CASE......Page 83
WESTERN STANDARDS AND ASIAN VALUES......Page 84
ASIAN FAMILISM AS THE ANSWER TO WESTERN INDIVIDUALISM......Page 85
CULTURAL SOURCES OF HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 86
INDIGENOUS CONCEPTS OF RIGHTS AND JUSTICE......Page 88
HUMAN RIGHTS AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT......Page 89
POLITICAL RIGHTS SUPPORT ECONOMIC RIGHTS......Page 91
OFFICIAL PERSPECTIVE......Page 92
RIGHTS AS A CONDITION OF AID AND TRADE......Page 93
APPROPRIATING THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION......Page 94
WHY ENGAGE IN THE DEBATE?......Page 95
NOTES......Page 96
5 Human Rights and Asian Values in Vietnam......Page 99
HUMAN RIGHTS AND INDEPENDENCE......Page 100
THE HUMAN RIGHTS ‘DEBATE’ IN VIETNAM : THE OFFICIAL DISCOURSE......Page 102
UNOFFICIAL MOVEMENTS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 104
‘VIETNAMESE VALUES’: THE OFFICIAL VIEW......Page 108
THE FOUNDATIONS OF TRUE ‘VIETNAMESE VALUES’: BUDDHISM AND CONFUCIANISM......Page 109
THE ROLE OF BUDDHISM IN MODERN SOCIETY......Page 113
THE PARADOX OF THE ‘ASIAN VALUES’ PREMISE IN VIETNAM......Page 115
NOTES......Page 116
6 Particularism, Identities and a Clash of Universalisms: Pancasila, Islam and Human Rights in Indonesia......Page 119
ROOTS OF AUTHORITARIANISM......Page 121
DIFFICULT ENCOUNTERS......Page 125
THE CULTURAL BASIS FOR PARTICULARISM......Page 127
DIFFERENT ISLAMIC IDENTITIES......Page 130
SECULAR ISLAM......Page 132
A PLACE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS?......Page 136
NOTES......Page 139
7 Modernization without Westernization? Asian Values and Human Rights Discourse in East and West......Page 142
CULTURAL CRITIQUES: WEST AND EAST......Page 144
THE WESTERN ANTI-LIBERAL CRITIQUE......Page 149
ASSESSING THE CRITIQUES......Page 150
PHYSICAL INTEGRITY RIGHTS......Page 154
CIVIL LIBERTIES......Page 156
NON-DISCRIMINATION......Page 159
ASSESSING THE TWO THESES IN LIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE......Page 160
ASKING THE WRONG QUESTIONS?......Page 161
NOTES......Page 164
8 Human Rights in Vietnam: Exploring Tensions and Ambiguities......Page 167
CULTURE AND CULTURAL RELATIVISM......Page 168
SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS IN VIETNAM......Page 169
Popular Responses to Family Planning......Page 172
ECONOMIC RIGHTS......Page 175
Discourses on Economic Rights and Everyday Practices......Page 179
CULTURE, POWER AND HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 181
NOTES......Page 183
9 Freedom as an Asian Value......Page 186
THE GENEALOGY OF FREEDOM......Page 187
THE SALIENCY OF FREEDOM IN ASIA......Page 188
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISM AND ITS PITFALLS......Page 191
FREEDOM AS A CHINESE VALUE......Page 195
CONCLUSION: A CAUTION......Page 203
NOTES......Page 204
10 The Chinese Debate on Asian Values and Human Rights: Some Reflections on Relativism, Nationalism and Orientalism......Page 208
THE WEAKNESSES OF THE ASIAN VALUES DEBATE......Page 209
ORIENTALISM VERSUS OCCIDENTALISM......Page 213
THE HUMAN RIGHTS DISCOURSE IN CHINA: WHO ARE THE PARTICIPANTS?......Page 215
CHINA AND THE ASIAN VALUES DEBATE......Page 217
PARTICULARITY VERSUS UNIVERSALITY OF HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 220
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RIGHTS VERSUS CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS......Page 223
NATIONALISM AND HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 224
ORIENTALISM VERSUS OCCIDENTALISM IN THE CHINESE DISCOURSE......Page 228
NOTES......Page 230
11 Universal Human Rights and Chinese Liberalism......Page 237
THE RISE OF CHINESE LIBERALISM......Page 239
LIBERALISM AND THE FIFTH MODERNIZATION......Page 244
THE TAIWANESE EXPERIENCE......Page 249
AN EXPANSIVE FORCE......Page 252
VISIONARY CHINESE LIBERALISM......Page 254
NOTES......Page 256
12 Practice to Theory: States of Emergency and Human Rights Protection in Asia......Page 260
ASIAN EMERGENCIES......Page 261
HUMAN RIGHTS AND ‘ASIAN VALUES’......Page 270
PROTECTING HUMAN RIGHTS: STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT......Page 277
Regional Initiatives......Page 278
Sub-Regional Initiatives......Page 283
CONCLUSIONS......Page 286
NOTES......Page 287
HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION IN LAW AND POLICY......Page 291
The Right to Education......Page 292
The Right to Know Our Rights......Page 293
Philippine Constitutional Development......Page 294
Constitutionalizing human rights education......Page 296
Philippine Values and Policy Development......Page 299
NGOS AS THE CARRIERS OF HUMAN RIGHTS VALUES......Page 303
The Philippines......Page 304
Cambodia......Page 305
Japan......Page 306
Malaysia......Page 307
CONCLUSIONS......Page 308
NOTES......Page 309
14 The Rights of Foreign Migrant Workers in Asia: Contrasting Bases for Expanded Protections......Page 313
FOREIGN MIGRANTS IN ASIA AND HUMAN RIGHTS......Page 316
CONTRASTING CASES: SINGAPORE AND SOUTH KOREA......Page 320
South Korea......Page 321
Singapore......Page 323
CONCLUSION......Page 326
NOTES......Page 331
Select Bibliography......Page 334
Index......Page 340