Human Resource Management

Title
Contents
1 Human Resource Management: Gaining a Competitive Advantage
	Enter the World of Business: Starbucks: Refocusing on the Brew Using HR Practices
	Introduction
	What Responsibilities and Roles Do HR Departments Perform?
	What Competencies Do HR Professionals Need?
	How Is the HRM Function Changing?
	The HRM Profession
	Competitive Challenges Influencing Human Resource Management
		The Sustainability Challenge
		Evidence-Based HR
		Competing through Sustainability Volunteerism and Going Green Are Reaping Dividends for Employees, Communities, and the Environment
		The Global Challenge
		Competing through Globalization Making Mergers and Acquisitions Work
		The Technology Challenge
		Competing through Technology Talent Manager Helps Aetna Corporation Identify and Develop Employees‘ Skill Needed to Gain Competitive Advantage
	Meeting Competitive Challenges through HRM Practices
	Organization of This Book
		A Look Back
		Summary
		Key Terms
		Discussion Questions
		Self-Assessment Exercise
		Exercising Strategy
		Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: Cutting Work Hours without Cutting Staff
		Notes
Part The Human Resource Environment
	2 Strategic Human Resource Management
		Enter the World of Business: GM’s Attempt to Survive
		Introduction
		What Is a Business Model?
			Competing through Technology Retailers Leverage Technology to Lower Labor Costs
		What Is Strategic Management?
			Components of the Strategic Management Process
			Linkage between HRM and the Strategic Management Process
			Competing through Globalization Managing the New Class of Global Worker
			Role of HRM in Strategy Formulation
		Strategy Formulation
		Strategy Implementation
			Competing through Sustainability IBM Integrates Leadership Development and Corporate Social Responsibility
			HRM Practices
			Strategic Types 9
			HRM Needs in Strategic Types
			Evidence-Based HR
			Directional Strategies
			Strategy Evaluation and Control
		The Role of Human Resources in Providing Strategic Competitive Advantage
			Emergent Strategies
			Enhancing Firm Competitiveness
			A Look Back
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions
			Self-Assessment Exercise
			Exercising Strategy
			Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: Is Dell Too Big for Michael Dell?
			Notes
	3 The Legal Environment: Equal Employment Opportunity and Safety
		Enter the World of Business: Wal Mart's Legal Problems
		Introduction
		The Legal System in the United States
			Legislative Branch
			Executive Branch
			Judicial Branch
			Equal Employment Opportunity
			Constitutional Amendments
			Congressional Legislation
			Competing through Technology Protecting against Genetic Discrimination
			Executive Orders
		Enforcement of Equal Employment Opportunity
			Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
			Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP)
		Types of Discrimination
			Disparate Treatment
			Competing through Globalization
			Disparate Impact
			Pattern and Practice
			Reasonable Accommodation
			Competing through Sustainability Wal-Mart Goes Green
			Evidence-Based HR
		Retaliation for Participation and Opposition
		Current Issues Regarding Diversity and Equal Employment Opportunity
			Sexual Harassment
			Affirmative Action and Reverse Discrimination
			Outcomes of the Americans with Disabilities Act
		Employee Safety
			The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
			Safety Awareness Programs
			Competing through Globalization The Gap’s Focus on Its Global Supply Chain
			A Look Back
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions
			Self-Assessment Exercise
			Exercising Strategy
			Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: Brown v. Board of Education: A Bittersweet Birthday
			Notes
	4 The Analysis and Design of Work
		Enter the World of Business: Job Design: Back to the Future at Toyota
		Introduction
		Work-Flow Analysis and Organization Structure
			Work-Flow Analysis
			Competing through Technology Lean and Less Mean: How Lean Production Minimizes Layoffs
			Organization Structure
			Competing through Globalization Innovation Portals: Creating Openings for Global Teams
			Job Analysis
			The Importance of Job Analysis
			The Importance of Job Analysis to Line Managers
			Job Analysis Information
			Job Analysis Methods
			Dynamic Elements of Job Analysis
		Job Design
			Evidence-Based HR
			Mechanistic Approach
			Motivational Approach
			Competing through Sustainability Hugging Trees while Hugging the Corners: BMW Goes Green
			Biological Approach
			Perceptual–Motor Approach
			Trade-Offs among Different Approaches to Job Design
			A Look Back
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions
			Self-Assessment Exercise
			Exercising Strategy
			Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: Lessons from Saturn’s Fall
			Notes
Part Acquisition and Preparation of Human Resources
	5 Human Resource Planning and Recruitment
		Enter the World of Business: The Forecast Calls for Change
		Introduction
		The Human Resource Planning Process
			Forecasting
			Evidence-Based HR
			Goal Setting and Strategic Planning
			Competing through Globalization Bailouts for Foreign Workers? 2
			Competing through Sustainability Sustaining Experienced Workers: Past Practices Put a Premium on Seniority
			Program Implementation and Evaluation
			The Special Case of Affirmative Action Planning
			The Human Resource Recruitment Process
			Personnel Policies
			Recruitment Sources
			Competing through Technology Web-Based Recruiting: The Portal to Federal Jobs
			Recruiters
			A Look Back
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions
			Self-Assessment Exercise
			Exercising Strategy
			Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: Hang the Recession, Let’s Bulk Up
			Notes
	6 Selection and Placement 23
		Enter the World of Business: Who Is Screening the Screeners?
		Introduction
		Selection Method Standards
			Reliability
			Validity
			Generalizability
			Utility
			Competing through Technology Mining for Gold: A Network Approach to Assessing Employee Value
			Legality
			Competing through Sustainability Unconscious Bias: Prejudice at the Speed of Light
			Types of Selection Methods
			Interviews
			References, Biographical Data, and Application Blanks
			Physical Ability Tests
			Competing through Globalization Background Checks in Europe? Mind Your Own Business
			Cognitive Ability Tests
			Personality Inventories
			Evidence-Based HR
			Work Samples
			Honesty Tests and Drug Tests
			A Look Back
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions
			Self-Assessment Exercise
			Exercising Strategy
			Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: Bridging the Generation Gap
			Notes
	7 Training
		Enter the World of Business: Learning Isn’t Perishable at Wegmans Food Markets
		Introduction
		High-Leverage Training Strategy: A Systematic Approach
		Designing Effective Training Activities
			Needs Assessment
			Organizational Analysis
			Person Analysis
			Task Analysis
			Ensuring Employees’ Readiness for Training
			Competing through Sustainability Capitalizing on Local Talent
			Creating a Learning Environment 29
			Ensuring Transfer of Training
			Manager Support
			Selecting Training Methods
			On-the-Job Training (OJT)
			Competing through Technology A Blended Approach to Learning May Be Most Beneficial
		Advice for Choosing a Training Method
			Evaluating Training Programs
			Evidence-Based HR
		Special Training Issues 32
			Cross-Cultural Preparation
			Competing through Globalization Language Training Helps World Business
			Managing Workforce Diversity
			Characteristics of Successful Diversity Efforts
		Socialization and Orientation
			Socialization, Orientation, and Onboarding Programs
			A Look Back
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions
			Self-Assessment Exercise
			Exercising Strategy
			Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: On-the-Job Video Gaming
			Notes
Part Assessment and Development
	8 Performance Management
		Enter the World of Business: Lions . .
		Tigers
		Management
		Introduction
		The Practice of Performance Management
		An Organizational Model of Performance Management
		Purposes of Performance Management
			Strategic Purpose
			Administrative Purpose
			Developmental Purpose
			Competing through Globalization Going Global Requires a New Performance Management System
			Performance Measures Criteria
			Strategic Congruence
			Validity
			Reliability
			Acceptability
			Specificity
			Approaches to Measuring Performance
			The Comparative Approach
			Competing through Sustainability The Financial Crisis: The Downside of Narrow Short-Term Objectives
			The Attribute Approach
			The Behavioral Approach
			The Results Approach
			Evidence-Based HR
			The Quality Approach
		Choosing a Source for Performance Information
			Managers
			Peers
			Subordinates
			Self
			Customers
			Rater Errors in Performance Measurement
			Similar to Me
			Contrast
			Competing through Technology Going Paperless Increases the Effectiveness of Performance Management
			Distributional Errors
			Halo and Horns
			Appraisal Politics 39
			Reducing Rater Errors, Politics, and Increasing Reliability and Validity of Ratings
			Performance Feedback
			The Manager’s Role in an Effective Performance Feedback Process
		What Managers Can Do to Diagnose Performance Problems and Manage Employees’ Performance
			Diagnosing the Causes of Poor Performance
			Actions for Managing Employees’ Performance
		Developing and Implementing a System That Follows Legal Guidelines
		Use of Technology for Performance Management: Electronic Monitoring
			A Look Back
			Summary
			Key Terms 4
			Discussion Questions
			Self-Assessment Exercise
			Exercising Strategy
			Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: Sprint’s Wake-Up Call
			Notes
	9 Employee Development
		Enter the World of Business: Helping Consultants Manage Their Own Development and Careers Leads to Retention at Accenture Consulting
		Introduction
		The Relationship among Development, Training, and Careers
			Development and Training 41
			Development and Careers
		Approaches to Employee Development
			Formal Education
			Competing through Technology E-Learning and the Internet Help Employees Manage Careers and Build Management Talent
			Evidence-Based HR
			Assessment
			Job Experiences
			Competing through Globalization Going around the World Develops Leadership Skills
			Interpersonal Relationships
			Competing through Sustainability Mentoring Programs Have Potential to Pay Individual, Corporate, and Societal Dividends
		Career Management and Development Planning Systems
		Special Issues in Employee Development
			Melting the Glass Ceiling
			Succession Planning
			Helping Managers with Dysfunctional Behaviors
			A Look Back
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions
			Self-Assessment Exercise
			Exercising Strategy
			Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: Two for the Cubicle
			Notes
	10 Employee Separation and Retention
		Enter the World of Business: Boosting Morale at Home Depot
		Introduction
		Managing Involuntary Turnover
			Principles of Justice
			Progressive Discipline and Alternative Dispute Resolution
			Employee Assistance and Wellness Programs
			Evidence-Based HR
			Outplacement Counseling 47
			Managing Voluntary Turnover
			Process of Job Withdrawal
			Competing through Globalization French Workers Find Unique Way to Voice Concerns
			Competing through Technology Recession Causes Increase in Theft and Digital Theft Monitoring
			Job Satisfaction and Job Withdrawal
			Sources of Job Dissatisfaction
			Competing through Sustainability Working Conditions More Stressful Than the Battlefield
			Measuring and Monitoring Job Satisfaction
			Survey-Feedback Interventions
			A Look Back
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions
			Self-Assessment Exercise
			Exercising Strategy
			Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: Hide the Doritos! Here Comes HR
			Notes
Part Compensation of Human Resources
	11 Pay Structure Decisions
		Enter the World of Business: Toyota Takes the Knife to U.S. Labor Costs
		Introduction
		Equity Theory and Fairness
		Developing Pay Levels
			Market Pressures
			Employees as a Resource
			Deciding What to Pay
			Market Pay Surveys
			Developing a Job Structure
			Developing a Pay Structure
			Conflicts between Market Pay Surveys and Job Evaluation
			Monitoring Compensation Costs
			Globalization, Geographic Region, and Pay Structures
			Evidence-Based HR
		The Importance of Process: Participation and Communication
			Participation
			Communication
			Current Challenges
			Problems with Job-Based Pay Structures
			Competing through Technology What Do You Make? Job Site Promises Peak at Salaries
			Responses to Problems with Job-Based Pay Structures
			Can the U.S. Labor Force Compete?
			Competing through Globalization Cost-Cutting in New York, But a Boom in India
			Executive Pay
			Competing through Sustainability For Boutiques, Time to Shop as Bankers Flee Big Firms
		Government Regulation of Employee Compensation
			Equal Employment Opportunity
			Minimum Wage, Overtime, and Prevailing Wage Laws
			A Look Back
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions
			Self-Assessment Exercise
			Exercising Strategy
			Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: How to Cut Payroll Costs without Layoffs
			Notes
	12 Recognizing Employee Contributions with Pay
		Enter the World of Business: Goldman Chiefs Give Up Bonuses (But Others Don’t)
		Introduction
		How Does Pay Influence Individual Employees?
			Reinforcement Theory
			Expectancy Theory
			Agency Theory
			Competing through Globalization Executive Pay Hits China’s Radar
		How Does Pay Influence Labor Force Composition?
		Programs
			Merit Pay
			Evidence-Based HR
			Individual Incentives
			Profit Sharing and Ownership
			Competing through Technology Retailers Reprogram Workers in Efficiency Push
			Gainsharing, Group Incentives, and Team Awards
			Competing through Sustainability Google’s “One-to-One” Exchange Could Prompt Others to Follow
			Balanced Scorecard
		Managerial and Executive Pay
		Process and Context Issues
			Employee Participation in Decision Making
			Communication
			Pay and Process: Intertwined Effects
		Organization Strategy and Compensation Strategy: A Question of Fit
			A Look Back
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions
			Self-Assessment Exercise
			Exercising Strategy
			Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: Executive Pay: Will the Big Bucks Stop Here?
			Notes
	13 Employee Benefits
		Enter the World of Business: “We Are All in a Daze,” Says One Employee, Life Savings Wiped Out
		Introduction
		Reasons for Benefits Growth
		Benefits Programs
			Social Insurance (Legally Required)
			Private Group Insurance
			Competing through Technology Health Care: Turning to Info Tech for a Remedy
			Evidence-Based HR
			Retirement
			Pay for Time Not Worked
			Family-Friendly Policies
		Managing Benefits: Employer Objectives and Strategies
			Surveys and Benchmarking
			Cost Control
			Competing through Globalization Transformation Vacation
			Competing through Sustainability Companies Win as Workers Lose Pounds
			Nature of the Workforce
			Communicating with Employees 61
		General Regulatory Issues
			Nondiscrimination Rules and Qualified Plans
			Sex, Age, and Disability
			Monitoring Future Benefits Obligations
			A Look Back
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions
			Self-Assessment Exercise
			Exercising Strategy
			Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: 401(k)s: Employer Contributions Get the Ax
			Notes
Part Special Topics in Human Resource Management
	14 Collective Bargaining and Labor Relations
		Enter the World of Business: “It’s a Question of Survival”
		Introduction
		The Labor Relations Framework
			Evidence-Based HR
		Goals and Strategies
			Society
			Management
			Labor Unions
		Union Structure, Administration, and Membership
			National and International Unions
			Local Unions
			American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO)
			Union Security
			Union Membership and Bargaining Power
		Legal Framework
			Unfair Labor Practices—Employers
			Unfair Labor Practices—Labor Unions
			Enforcement
			Competing through Technology Studios Reach Deal with Directors
		Union and Management Interactions: Organizing
			Why Do Employees Join Unions?
			The Process and Legal Framework of Organizing
		Union and Management Interactions: Contract Negotiation
			The Negotiation Process
			Management’s Preparation for Negotiations
			Negotiation Stages and Tactics
			Bargaining Power, Impasses, and Impasse Resolution
			Management’s Willingness to Take a Strike
			Impasse Resolution Procedures: Alternatives to Strikes
		Union and Management Interactions: Contract Administration
			Grievance Procedure
			Competing through Globalization Employers in China Have Issues Shedding Workers
			New Labor–Management Strategies
		Labor Relations Outcomes
			Strikes
			Wages and Benefits
			Productivity
			Competing through Sustainability Auto Workers Give Up Notorious Featherbed
			Profits and Stock Performance
		The International Context
		The Public Sector
			A Look Back
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions
			Self-Assessment Exercise
			Exercising Strategy
			Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: Auto Bailout: Southern Workers Watch and Worry
			Notes
	15 Managing Human Resources Globally
		Enter the World of Business: Starbucks Seeks Global Growth during Tough Times
		Introduction
		Current Global Changes
			European Economic Community
			North American Free Trade Agreement
			The Growth of Asia
			General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
		Factors Affecting HRM in Global Markets
			Culture
			Evidence-Based HR
			Education–Human Capital
			Political–Legal System
			Economic System
		Managing Employees in a Global Context Types of International Employees
			Competing through Globalization Managing the Economic Downturn: The Indian Way
			Levels of Global Participation
			Competing through Sustainability Dow Provides Jobs while Helping the Environment
			Managing Expatriates in Global Markets
			Competing through Technology The Perils of Technology-Based Scheduling
			A Look Back
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions
			Self-Assessment Exercise
			Exercising Strategy
			Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: The Toyota Way to No. 1
			Notes
	16 Strategically Managing the HRM Function
		Enter the World of Business: HR Drives Success of IBM
		Introduction
		Activities of HRM
		Strategic Management of the HRM Function
		Building an HR Strategy
			The Basic Process
			Involving Line Executives
			Characterizing HR Strategies
			Competing through Globalization How Taxes Drive Globalization
		Measuring HRM Effectiveness
			Approaches for Evaluating Effectiveness
		Improving HRM Effectiveness
			Restructuring to Improve HRM Effectiveness
			Outsourcing to Improve HRM Effectiveness
			Competing through Technology How Much Computer Privacy Do Employees Have?
			Improving HRM Effectiveness through Process Redesign
			Improving HRM Effectiveness through Using New Technologies—HRM Information Systems
		Software Applications for HRM
			Improving HRM Effectiveness through New Technologies—E-HRM
			The Future for HR Professionals
			Competing through Sustainability Managing after the Layoffs
		The Role of the Chief Human Resource Officer
			A Look Back
			Summary
			Key Terms
			Discussion Questions
			Self-Assessment Exercise
			Exercising Strategy
			Managing People: From the Pages of BusinessWeek: Saving Starbucks’ Soul
			Notes
			Appendix: Human Resource Certification Institute PHR/SPHR Test Specifications
			Glossary
			Photo Credits
			Name and Company Index
			Subject Index