Human-Machine Communication: Rethinking Communication, Technology, and Ourselves

Cover
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction: “What Is Human-Machine Communication, Anyway?” (Andrea L. Guzman)
	Questions of Communication
		Questioning the Role of Technology
		Questioning Meaning-Making With Technology
	How Have We Theorized Communicating With Machines?
		Engineering, Computers, and Communication
		Medium as Message and Messenger
	Why Human-Machine Communication, Now?
		The Technological
		The Theoretical
		The Institutional
	What, Then, Is Human-Machine Communication?
		HMC—An Area of Study Explained
		HMC—A Concept Defined
		HMC—The Questions Driving Research
	The Most Important Question
	Notes
	References
1. Animals, Humans, and Machines: Interactive Implications of Ontological Classification (Autumn P. Edwards)
	Background
	Review of Relevant Literature
		Human-Machine Communication
		Social Robots
		The Natures of Animals, Humans, and Machines
	Study
	Ontological Classification
		Grouping 1: Humans and Chimpanzees
		Grouping 2: Humans and Robots
		Grouping 3: Chimpanzees and Robots
	Interactional Consequences of Ontological Classification
		Was What Happened to hitchBOT Wrong?
		What Is Wrong With Destroying a Robot Hitchhiker?
		Robots as Other
		Human and Robot as Kin
		Human Stands Alone
	Conclusion
	References
2. Aliveness and the Off-Switch in Human-Robot Relations (Eleanor Sandry)
	Theorizing Communication Between Humans and Robots
	Relating to Social Robots as Humanlike Communicators
	The New Breed of Social Robot
	An Alternative Vision of the Social Robot
	Phenomenology, Communication Theory, and Absolute Alterity
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
3. Child or Product? The Rhetoric of Social Robots (Leslie M. Fritz)
	Rhetorical Analysis
	The Framing of Jibo and Buddy
	The Rhetoric of Jibo and Buddy
		Materiality and Metaphor
		Ethos and Identification
		The Interpellative Power of Jibo and Buddy
		The Visual Rhetoric of Jibo and Buddy
	The Reception Context of Jibo and Buddy
	Conclusion
	References
4. “I’ll Present to the Human”: Effects of a Robot Evaluator on Anticipatory Public Speaking Anxiety (Chad Edwards / Brett Stoll / Autumn P. Edwards / Patric R. Spence / Andrew Gambino)
	Robotics in Education
	Communication Apprehension
	Anticipating Human-Computer Interaction
	Testing Public Speaking Anxiety With a Robot Evaluator
		The Experimental Design
		Measuring Negative Attitudes Towards Robots
		Measuring Public Speaking Anxiety
		Procedures of the Experiment
		Analyses
	Discussion
		Limitations and Future Directions
	Conclusion
	Note
	References
5. Presence Past and Future: Reflections on 25 Years of Presence Technology, Scholarship, and Community (Matthew Lombard)
	Technology
	Scholarship
	Community
	Future Presence
		Technology
		Scholarship
		Community
	Conclusion
	References
6. Theorizing Verbally Persuasive Robots (S. Austin Lee / Yuhua (Jake) Liang)
	Transactional Model of Human-Robot Communication
	Persuasive Potential of Robots
		Pre-giving Strategy
		Sequential-Request Persuasive Strategy
	Mechanism of Robot Persuasion
		Robots Are Social Actors
		Mindlessness
	Future Directions
		More Persuasion Strategies
		Robot Credibility
	Conclusion
	Note
	References
7. Communicating With Robots: ANTalyzing the Interaction Between Healthcare Robots and Humans With Regards to Privacy (Christoph Lutz / Aurelia Tamò)
	Robots in Healthcare
	On Healthcare Robots and Privacy
		Privacy Issue 1: (Independent) Mobility of Robots and Access to Private Spaces
		Privacy Issue 2: Social Bonding With Robots
		Privacy Issue 3: A Robot’s Access to Data and the Black Box Problem
	Interactions Between Humans and Machines: HMC
	Actor Network Theory
		Setting the Stage: Two ANT Examples
		Networks as a Method of Analysis
		What ANT Offers for the Analysis of Robot-Patient-Interactions
	Discussion and Conclusion
		Theoretical Implications
		Shortcomings of ANT for the Analysis of Privacy With Healthcare Robots
	Notes
	References
8. My Algorithm: User Perceptions of Algorithmic Recommendations in Cultural Contexts (Terje Colbjørnsen)
	Culture, Taste, Quality, and Digital Media
		What Are Algorithms?
		How Users Perceive Algorithms
	Method
	Discussion of Findings
		Perceptions of Quality and Relevance
		Perceptions of Input/Output Mechanisms
		Identification, Relationships, and Communication With Algorithms
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
9. A Robot Will Take Your Job. How Does That Make You Feel? Examining Perceptions of Robots in the Workplace (Patric R. Spence / David Westerman / Xialing Lin)
	The Study
		General Perceptions of Robots
		Dangerous Jobs
		Opportunities for Jobs in the U.S. and Developing Countries
		Personal Advancement in the Workplace
		Feelings When Communicating With Robots in the Workplace
		Implications and Future Research Directions
	References
10. Communicating With Machines: Robots as the Next New Media (Sakari Taipale / Leopoldina Fortunati)
	Background
	Methods
		Survey and Sample
		Measures
		Statistics
	Results
		Key Indicators of Not Being Afraid of Robots
		Social Robots as the Next New Media in the Reproduction Sphere
		Key Indicators of Not Being Afraid of Robots as Work Thieves
		Emotional Relationship With Robots
	Social Robots: The Next New Media?
	Discussion and Final Remarks
	Notes
	References
11. Ars Ex Machina: Rethinking Responsibility in the Age of Creative Machines (David J. Gunkel)
	Responsibility 101
	Instrumental Theory
	The New Normal
		Machine Learning
		Computational Creativity
	Conclusions
	Notes
	References
12. Ethics in HMC: Recent Developments and Case Studies (Charles Ess)
	Ethics and HMC? From (Positivist) Opposition to Complementarity and Convergence
		Part I: From Positivism to Complementarity and Convergence
		Part II: The Ethics of Sexbots
	Concluding Comments
	Notes
	References
Volume Editor
Contributors
Index