Human Diversity in Education: An Intercultural Approach

Title
Contents
Part 1 Foundations for Multicultural Teaching
	Chapter 1 Education in a Changing Society
		Case Study: Samantha Carter’s Diversity Class
		The Reality of Social Change
			Institutions in Transition
			The Impact of Specifi c Changes on Basic Institutions
		Rethinking Schools and Learning: The Effort to Reform Our Schools
		The Diffi culty of Change
		Ideological Perspectives on Multicultural Education
		Goals of This Book
			Goal 1: To Recognize Social and Cultural Change
			Goal 2: To Understand Culture, Learning, and the Culture-Learning Process
			Goal 3: To Improve Intergroup and Intragroup Interactions
			Goal 4: To Transmit Intercultural Understanding and Skills to Students
		The Role of Stories, Cases, and Activities
			Stories
			Case Studies and Critical Incidents
		Summary
		Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Refl ective Questions
		References
	Chapter 2 Multicultural Education: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives
		Historical Perspectives on Pluralism in the United States
			We Have Been Different From the Beginning
		Case Study: Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas, 1957
			Industrialization, Immigration, and Religious Pluralism
			The Civil War: Freedmen’s Schools and the Issue of Race
			Anglo-Conformity and Assimilationist Ideology
			Multiculturalism and the Pluralist Ideology
		Legislative and Judicial Landmarks
			The Civil Rights Movement and the Schools
			Judicial and Legislative Mandates Regarding Equity
		Theoretical Approaches to Multicultural Education
			Teaching the Culturally Different
			Human Relations
			Single-Group Studies
			Inclusive Multicultural Education
			Education That Is Multicultural and Social Reconstructionist
		Outcomes of Multicultural Education
			Student Outcomes
			Program Outcomes
		Where We Are Today
			Public Responses to Multicultural and Bilingual Education Reforms
			Recent Reaction to Multicultural Education
			Resegregation: The Legacy of Neighborhood Schools
			The Impact of Global Perspectives on Inequitable Education
		Summary
		Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Active Exercise
		Refl ective Questions
		References
	Chapter 3 Culture and the Culture-Learning Process
		Exploring the Concept of Culture
		Case Study: Beechland Heights: A Thought Experiment
			Defi ning Culture
			Culture in Everyday Use
		Commonalities in Defi nitions of Culture
			Humans Construct Culture
			Culture Is Shared
			Culture Is Both Objective and Subjective
			Culture Is Nurtured
		Applying the Concept of Culture
			Culture-Specifi c Versus Culture-General Frameworks
		The Culture-Learning Process
			What Is Learned: The Sources of Cultural Knowledge
		How Culture Is Learned: The Socializing Agents
			When Culture Is Learned: The Process of Socialization
			Primary Socialization and Cultural Similarities
			Secondary Socialization
			Some Consequences of Socialization
			Perception and Categorization
			Some Limits on Socialization
		Understanding Cultural Differences
			Variations in Cultural Environments: Returning to Beechland Heights
			Variations in Cultural Attributes, Socializing Agents, and Cultural Learners
		Summary
		Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Active Exercise
		Refl ective Questions
		References
	Chapter 4 Classrooms and Schools as Cultural Crossroads
		Case Study: Melinda’s Induction Year Dilemma
		Schools and Classrooms: Where Cultures Intersect
			Student Culture
			Teacher Culture
			Parent Culture
			School Culture
			Teachers as Cultural Mediators
			Cross-Cultural Adaptation
			Acculturation and Identity
		Themes From Cross-Cultural Psychology
		A Model of Cross-Cultural Interaction
			Stage 1: Understanding Emotional Responses in Intercultural Interaction
			Stage 2: Understanding the Cultural Basis of Unfamiliar Behavior
			Stage 3: Making Adjustments and Reshaping Cultural Identity
		Applying the Culture-General Model
			Identifying Commonalities Among Groups
			Identifying Differences Within a Group
			Critical Incidents at Wake Central High
			Discussion of Critical Incidents
		Summary
		Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Active Exercise
		Refl ective Questions
		References
	Chapter 5 Intercultural Development: Considering the Growth of Self and Others
		Developmental Models of Ethnic and Racial Identity
		Case Study: Dissent at Maplewood School
			Pre-Encounter
			Encounter
			Immersion-Emersion
			Immersion
			Internalization
		Intercultural Competence
		Developing Intercultural Sensitivity
			Ethnocentric Stages of the DMIS
			Ethnorelative Stages of the DMIS
		International Perspective: What’s Happening Elsewhere in the World?
		Critical Incidents at Maplewood
		Summary
		Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Active Exercise
		Refl ective Questions
		References
Part 2 Multicultural Teaching in Action
	Chapter 6 Creating Classrooms That Address Race and Ethnicity
		Case Study: The Chameleon
		Lay Versus Scientifi c Understanding of Race and Ethnicity
			Pedagogies: Old and New
			Roles: Old and New
			Place of Content Knowledge: Old and New
			Assessment: Old and New
		Understanding Prejudice and Racism
			The Functions of Prejudice
		Prejudice Formation: The Components of Prejudice
			How Children Learn Prejudice
			Extreme Cases of Prejudice
		Strategies for Prejudice Reduction
			Parent and Teacher Talk
			Curriculum Transformation
			1. Improving Social Contact and Intergroup Relations
			Some Cautions in Applying the Contact Hypothesis
			2. Increasing Cognitive Sophistication
			3. Improving Self-Confi dence and Self-Acceptance
			4. Increasing Empathy for and Understanding of Others
		Comprehensive Programs That Improve Intergroup Relations
			Antibias Education for Young Children
			Cooperative Learning
			A World of Difference
			Facing History and Ourselves
		Critical Incidents
		International Perspective: What’s Happening Elsewhere in the World?
		Summary
		Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Active Exercise
		Classroom Activities
		Refl ective Questions
		References
	Chapter 7 The Classroom as a Global Community: Nationality and Region
		Case Study: A Global Classroom
		Education in a Global Society
			What Is Globalization?
			Characteristics of Globalization
		Teaching With a Global Purpose
			Education for a Global Perspective
			How Do We Achieve the Cognitive Demands Required for a Global Mind-Set?
			Is Technology Facilitating a Global Mind-Set?
		Curriculum Transformation: The International Perspective
			Perspective Consciousness
			State of the Planet Awareness
			Cross-Cultural Awareness
			Knowledge of Global Dynamics or World Systems
			Awareness of Human Choice
		What, Specifi cally, Should Students Study?
			Characteristics of a Global Classroom
			Pedagogies: Old and New
			Roles: Old and New
			Place of Content Knowledge: Old and New
			Assessment: Old and New
		Teaching the Global Perspective
			Programs That Link Schools
			How Might This Look in Practice?
		Perspectives on a Globally Oriented Curriculum
			Ethical Concerns
		International Perspective: What’s Happening Elsewhere in the World?
		Summary
		Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Active Exercise
		Classroom Activities
		Refl ective Questions
		References
	Chapter 8 Developing Learning Communities: Language and Learning Style
		Case Study: Language and Learning Style in a Learning-Community Classroom
			Case Analysis
		Characteristics of a Learning Community
			Rationale for Learning-Community Classrooms
			Pedagogies: Old and New
			Roles: Old and New
			Place of Content Knowledge: Old and New
			Assessment: Old and New
		Perspectives on Language Acquisition
			Language and the Family
			Institutional Aspects of Language in the Family
		Perspectives on Language Variation
			Verbal Communication
			Nonverbal Communication
		Culture, Language, and Learning Style
			Components of Learning Style
			Multiple Intelligences
			Origins of Learning Style
			The Relation of Language and Learning Style to Culture
		Perspectives on Bilingual Education and Second-Language Acquisition
			The Bilingual Education Backlash
			Other Bilingual Education Issues
		Perspectives on Second-Language Acquisition
			Stages in Second-Language Acquisition
			Other Important Concepts in Second-Language Acquisition
			Ethical Issues: Local and Global
		International Perspectives: What’s Happening Elsewhere in the World?
		Summary
		Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Active Exercise
		Classroom Activities
		Refl ective Questions
		Endnote
		References
	Chapter 9 Religious Pluralism in Secular Classrooms
		Case Study: Religion in a Secular Classroom
		Rationale for Attending to Religion in Public Schools
			Defi nitions of Religion
		Religious Pluralism in the United States
			European Infl uences on Religion in the United States
			African Infl uences on Religion in the United States
			Middle Eastern Infl uences on Religion in the United States
		Characteristics of a Classroom That Attends to Religious Pluralism
			Pedagogies: Old and New
			Roles: Old and New
			Place of Content Knowledge: Old and New
			Assessment: Old and New
			Case Analysis
		Perspectives on Religion and Schooling in the United States
			Private Freedoms: Religion and Compulsory School Attendance
			Private Freedoms: The Practice of Religious Beliefs in Classrooms
			Public Freedoms: Public Funding for Religious Schools
			Charter Schools, Home Schooling, and Voucher Programs
			Public Freedoms: The Provision of Religious Instruction
		Perspectives on Religious Identity
			Religion as a Form of Personal Identity
			Organized Religion and the Net Generation
			The Infl uence of the Religious Right
		Ethical Issues
		International Perspective: What’s Happening Elsewhere in the World?
		Summary
		Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Active Exercise
		Classroom Activities
		Refl ective Questions
		Endnote
		References
	Chapter 10 Developing a Collaborative Classroom: Gender and Sexual Orientation
		Case Study: Gender and Sexual Orientation in a Collaborative Classroom
			Case Analysis
		Rationale for Collaborative Teaching and Learning
		Characteristics of a Collaborative Classroom
			Pedagogies: Old and New
			Roles: Old and New
			Place of Content Knowledge: Old and New
			Assessment: Old and New
		Perspectives on Gender Identity
			Gender Role Socialization
			Gender Role Socialization in the Middle Class
			Gender Role Socialization in Popular Culture, Books, and Toys
			Masculine and Feminine Behavior
		Perspectives on Gender and Schooling
			Schools as Socializing Agents
			Gender Stereotypes in School
		Gender as an Issue of Legal Equity in Schools
			Legislation and Court Cases
			Contemporary Concerns About the Education of Boys
		Perspectives on Gender and Sexuality
			Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Rights Are Human Rights
		Ethical Issues
		International Perspective: What’s Happening Elsewhere in the World?
		Summary
		Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Active Exercise
		Classroom Activities
		Refl ective Questions
		Endnote
		References
	Chapter 11 Creating Developmentally Appropriate Classrooms: The Importance of Age and Developmental Status
		Case Study: Age in Developmentally Appropriate Classrooms
		Rationale for Developmentally Appropriate Educational Practice
			Economic Aims for Schooling
			Early Childhood Education and Developmentally Appropriate Practice
			Constructivist Thought in Developmentally Appropriate Practice
		Characteristics of a Developmentally Appropriate Classroom
			Pedagogies: Old and New
			Roles: Old and New
			Place of Content Knowledge: Old and New
			Assessment: Old and New
		Perspectives on Age and Development
			Sensitive Periods and Developmental Crises
			Individual Differences and Developmental Domains
			The Importance of Developmental Knowledge
		International Perspective: What’s Happening Elsewhere in the World?
		Summary
		Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Active Exercise
		Classroom Activities
		Refl ective Questions
		Endnotes
		References
	Chapter 12 Creating Inclusive Classrooms: The Ability/Disability Continuum and the Health Dimension
		Case Study: Schools That Include All Students
		Rationale for Inclusive Classrooms
		What Is Exceptionality?
			The Ability/Disability Continuum
			Historical Perspectives on Special Education
			The Health Dimension
		Characteristics of an Inclusive Classroom
			Inclusion and Human Diversity
			Pedagogies: Old and New
			Roles: Old and New
			Place of Content Knowledge: Old and New
			Assessment: Old and New
		Making Inclusive Teaching Work
			The Importance of Collaboration
			What Does Flexibility Involve
			Ethical Issues in Inclusive Education
		International Perspective: What’s Happening Elsewhere in the World?
		Summary
		Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Active Exercise
		Classroom Activities
		Refl ective Questions
		Endnotes
		References
	Chapter 13 Improving Schools for All Children: The Role of Social Class and Social Status in Teaching and Learning
		Case Study: Fulfi lling the Promise in the Northeast Kingdom
			Case Analysis
			Pedagogies: Old and New
			Roles: Old and New
			Place of Content Knowledge: Old and New
			Assessment: Old and New
		Perspectives on Social Class and Social Status
			Defi nitions of Social Class
			Social Class and Child-Rearing Practices
			Social Status
			The Importance of Teacher Expectations
			The Culturally Responsive Teacher
		Social Class and School Funding
		The Role of Social Class in Student Progress: Problems and Issues
			New Language for Considering Public Education
			The Future of No Child Left Behind: Moving Away From “One Size Fits All”
		Perspectives on Multiple Forms of Assessment: Demand Versus Support
		Ethical Issues
		International Perspective: What’s Happening Elsewhere in the World?
		Summary
		Chapter Review
		Key Terms
		Active Exercise
		Classroom Activities
		Refl ective Questions
		Endnotes
		References
Glossary
Credits
Name Index
Subject Index