Human-Computer Interaction: Thematic Area, HCI 2023, Held as Part of the 25th HCI International Conference, HCII 2023, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 23–28, 2023, Proceedings, Part III

Foreword
HCI International 2023 Thematic Areas and Affiliated Conferences
List of€Conference Proceedings Volumes Appearing Before the€Conference
Preface
Human-Computer Interaction Thematic Area (HCI 2023)
HCI International 2024 Conference
Contents€– Part III
Human Robot Interaction
Towards Diversity, Equity, and€Inclusion in€Human-Robot Interaction
	1 Introduction
	2 Background Literature
		2.1 Social Classification of€Robots
		2.2 Social Identity Theory
	3 Experiment: Robot Ethnicity
		3.1 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Discussion and€Conclusions
	References
A€Domain-Specific Language for€Prototyping the€Behavior of€a€Humanoid Robot that€Allows the€Inclusion of€Sensor Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Our Domain-Specific Language TaskDSL4Pepper
	4 Summary and€Outlook
	References
An€Architecture for€Transforming Companion Robots into€Psychosocial Robotic Surrogates
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Early Robot Architectures
		2.2 Social Robot Architectures
		2.3 The Asprino Social Robot Reference Architecture
	3 The Robot Surrogate Architecture
		3.1 Autobiographic Memory
		3.2 The Emotional State Subsystem
		3.3 The Mood Subsystem
		3.4 The Behaviour Generator
	4 System Implementation
		4.1 Testing the€Architecture
	5 Conclusions
	References
Exploring the Recommendation Expressions of Multiple Robots Towards Single-Operator-Multiple-Robots Teleoperation
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Brainstorming for Expressions and Expressive Attribute
		2.2 Multiple Expressions and Expressive Attributes
	3 Web Survey
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Limitation
	6 Conclusion
	A  Expressions and Expressive attributes
	B  Images of Expressions
	C  Detail descriptions of Expressions
	References
Perception of a Mobile Service Robot\'s Proxemic Behavior and Appearance in Virtual Reality
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Virtual Reality
		1.2 Discomfort
		1.3 Factors Influencing HRI
		1.4 Research Question
	2 Method
		2.1 Study 1 – Size and Speed
		2.2 Study 2 – Size and Edge Shape
	3 Results
		3.1 Results of Study 1
		3.2 Results of Study 2
	4 Discussion and Limitations
	5 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Introducing Playing Catch to€Motivate Interaction with€Communication Robots
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Research
	3 Proposed Method
		3.1 Overview of€the€Proposed Method
		3.2 Implementation of€the€Prototype System
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Aim of€the€Experiment and€Hypotheses
		4.2 Outline of€the€Experimental Procedure
		4.3 Content of€Robot’s Speech
		4.4 Evaluation Criteria
	5 Experimental Results and€Discussion
		5.1 Questionnaire Results on€the€Impression of€the€Robot (in€All-Results)
		5.2 Questionnaire Results on€the€Impression of€the€Robot (in€First-Results)
		5.3 Results of€the€Survey Regarding Playing Catch
		5.4 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References
Asynchronous Classification of Error-Related Potentials in Human-Robot Interaction
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Scenario
		2.2 Approach
		2.3 EEG Recording
		2.4 EEG Processing
		2.5 Evaluation
	3 Results and Discussion
	References
A€Longitudinal Experiment about€Leadership in€a€Mixed Human-Robot Team in€Comparison to€a€Human-Only Team
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Framework
	3 Empirical Study
		3.1 Sample and€Measurement
		3.2 Experimental Procedure
		3.3 Manipulation of€Empowering Leadership as€Independent Variable
	4 Preliminary Results
	5 Conclusion
		5.1 Limitations and€Areas for€Future Research
	Appendix
	References
Social Robots for€Older Adults in€Medical Contexts
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
	3 Literature Review
		3.1 Social Service Robots
		3.2 Social Companion Robots
	4 Result and€Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	Appendix A
	References
The Influence of€Context and€Task on€Human-Robot€Interaction
	1 Introduction
	2 Objectives and€Hypothesis
	3 Methods
		3.1 Design of€Study
		3.2 Stimulus and€Materials
		3.3 Participants
		3.4 Procedure
		3.5 Data Analysis
	4 Results and€Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Studying Multi-modal Human Robot Interaction Using a Mobile VR Simulation
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Speech for Communication
		2.2 Gestures for Communication
		2.3 Multi-modal Communication
	3 Experimental Setting
		3.1 VR-Simulation
		3.2 Controlling WebTool
	4 Case Studies
		4.1 First Qualitative Study on Intuitive Gestures
		4.2 Second Qualitative Study on Speech
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Teachers’ Perspective on€Robots Inclusion in€Education€– A€Case Study in€Norway
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Data Analysis
	4 Results and€Discussion
	5 Conclusion and€Future Work
	References
Applying the Social Robot Expectation Gap Evaluation Framework
	1 Introduction
	2 The Social Robot Expectation Gap Evaluation Framework
	3 Method
		3.1 Phase 1: Scenario
		3.2 Phase 2: Data Collection
		3.3 Phase 3: Analysis of the Data
	4 Results
		4.1 Aspects Related to the Four UX Goals
		4.2 Severity and Scope of the Identified UX Problems
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Moral Dilemmas in€Social Robots: An€Exploratory Study for€Future Research
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Research Method
		3.1 Survey Instrument
		3.2 Participants
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Limitations and€Future Research
	References
One Size Does Not Fit All:
	1 Introduction
	2 Qualitative Interviews with€Potential Office Robot Users
	3 Robot User Types
	4 Online Study of€Robot User Types
		4.1 Sample
		4.2 Typology of€Office Robot Users
		4.3 Relation of€Robot User Types to€Personal, Job, and€Performance Outcomes
	5 Discussion
		5.1 What Can Such a€User Typology Look like?
		5.2 How are the€Types Related to€Social and€Performance Outcomes?
		5.3 Limitations and€Implications for€Future Research
	References
Proposal of€Emotion Expression Method by€Clothes Color for€Communication Robot
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Research and€Research Objective
		2.1 Related Research: Emotion Expression Methods for€Communication Robot
		2.2 Related Research: Clothes as€Communication Tool
		2.3 Related Research: Relationship Between Emotions and€Colors
		2.4 Research Objective
	3 Design of€Speech Contents and€Clothes Color for€Robot
		3.1 Robot Used in€the€Experiment
		3.2 Speech Contents
		3.3 Clothes Color
	4 Experiment: Matching Clothes Color with€Speech Emotion
		4.1 Experiment Objective and€Method
		4.2 Questionnaire
		4.3 Experiment Results
		4.4 Summary of€Experiment Results and€Discussion
	5 Additional Experiment: Improvement of€Clothes Color Changing Method for€Robot
		5.1 Research Objective
		5.2 Clothes Color Changing Method
		5.3 Experimental Procedure
		5.4 Questionnaire
		5.5 Experiment Results
		5.6 Summary of€Experiment Results and€Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Enhancing Robot Explainability in€Human-Robot Collaboration
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
		2.1 Explainability
		2.2 Social Cues in€Human-Robot Interaction
		2.3 Robot Anthropomorphic Design
		2.4 Trust and€Acceptance
	3 Method
		3.1 Participants
		3.2 Robots
		3.3 Experiment Scenario
		3.4 Manipulations
		3.5 Procedure
		3.6 Measurement
	4 Results
		4.1 Manipulation Check
		4.2 Hypothesis Testing
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Implications for€Theory and€Practice
		5.2 Limitations and€Future Research
	6 Conclusion
	References
An€Intuitive Human-Robot Interaction Method for€Robotic Dance Choreography
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Research Motivation
		1.2 Research Purpose
	2 Related Works
	3 Method
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Data Transfer
		3.3 Robot Arm Control
	4 Outcomes
	5 Conclusion and€Future Work
	References
Robot Path Verification Method for€Automotive Glue-Coating Based on€Augmented Reality and€Digital Twin
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 System Framework
		2.2 Construction of€the€AR Environment
		2.3 Robot Digital Twin Behavior Model
		2.4 Collision Detection
	3 Case Study
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion and€Future Study
	References
Robot in€Disguise
	1 Your Companion€– A€Social Robot
	2 What Fashion Can Add to€Social Robots (If Anything)?
		2.1 Why Would People Want to€Dress Their Robots?
		2.2 Customization of€the€Robot
		2.3 Social Signals
	3 Why “RObot in€Disguise”
	4 Factors to€Consider
	5 Future Works and€Conclusions
	References
Chatbots and€Voice-Based Interaction
The Impact of Parent-Like Chatbot Narratives on Daily Reflection
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Research
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Flow Chart of Reflections by the Proposed Method
		3.2 Parent Factors
		3.3 Responses to User\'s Talk
		3.4 Daily Reflection
	4 Verification Experiment
		4.1 Experimental Summary
		4.2 Experimental Procedures
		4.3 Evaluation Items
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Results
		5.2 Discussion
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Revealing Chatbot Humanization Impact Factors
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamentals and Related Work
	3 Identification of Impact Factors in Humanization
		3.1 Results of the Identified Impact Factors
	4 Experiment with Market Chatbots
		4.1 Experimental Methodology
		4.2 Results of the Market Chatbots Analysis
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Framework for Humanization Evaluation in Chatbots
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamental Concepts
		2.1 Assessment Perspectives on Chatbots
		2.2 Psychometric Analysis and Likert Scale
		2.3 Metrics for Likert Scale Analysis
	3 Method for Evaluating Humanization in Chatbots
		3.1 Identification of Impact Factors
		3.2 Evaluation Instrument Development
	4 Experimental Evaluation
		4.1 Participants
		4.2 Methodology
		4.3 Results Analysis
	5 Results
		5.1 Weighting Results
		5.2 Perception Results
		5.3 Metrics in Humanization Results
		5.4 Evolution in Humanization Metrics Results
		5.5 Principal Component Analysis Results
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Who Would You Rather Ask for Help? A Comparison Between Two Chatbot Personalities in Information Management
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Related Work
		2.1 Theories and Models
		2.2 Related Work
	3 Concept
		3.1 Hypotheses
		3.2 Implementation of Liibot
		3.3 Concept for Task-Oriented Chatbot Personality
		3.4 Use Case and Tasks
	4 Method
	5 Results
	6 Discussion and Limitations
	7 Conclusion
	References
Open-Domain Dialogue Management Framework Across Multiple Device for Long-Term Interaction
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Research
		2.1 Agent Migration
		2.2 Dialogue Generation for Long-Term Interaction
	3 Methodology
		3.1 System Overview
		3.2 Implementation
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 User Study
		4.2 Results
		4.3 Limitation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analysing the Use of Voice Assistants in Domestic Settings Through the Lens of Activity Theory
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodological Approach
	4 Discussion of Results Through an Activity Theory Lens
		4.1 Overview
		4.2 Contradictions in the Existing Activity System
		4.3 Shifting Agency
	5 Design Responses
	6 Limitations and Conclusions
	References
Semi-autonomous Units for€Mechanized Combat Controlled by€Voice Commands
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Autonomous Functions
		1.2 Wizard of€Oz Simulations
	2 Method
		2.1 Participants
		2.2 Simulation
		2.3 Scenario
		2.4 Procedure and€Design
		2.5 Data Collection and€Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Communication with€Human Operators
		3.2 Control of€Semi-autonomous Units by€Voice Commands
		3.3 Mental Workload
		3.4 Situation Awareness
		3.5 Discussion with€the€Participants After the€Test
	4 Discussion
	References
Voice Assistant-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Test Anxiety in Students
	1 Introduction
	2 Preliminaries and Related Work
	3 System Design and Implementation
	4 Evaluation: Investigating Usability and Acceptance of the Designed System
		4.1 Methods
		4.2 Results
		4.3 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Relationship Between Pauses and Emphasis: Implications for Charismatic Speech Synthesis
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Charisma
		2.2 Pauses and Emphasis in Speech
	3 Previous Study on Perceived Charisma with Pre-recorded Voice
	4 Emphasis and Pauses in Charismatic Speech
		4.1 Study 1
		4.2 Study 1 Results
		4.3 Study 2
		4.4 Study 2 Results
	5 Discussion
	References
Interacting in€the€Metaverse
Development of€a€VR Simulator for€the€Elder\'s Impaired Visual Function and€the€Investigation of€the€VR Objects Recognition with€Visual Function Impairment
	1 Introduction
	2 Blurred Vision Simulation in€According with€the€Visual Impairment Certification Criteria
		2.1 VR Simulation of€the€Elder\'s Impaired Visual Function
		2.2 Adjustment of€Eyesight in€VR Space Based on€the€Visual Impairment Certification Criteria
		2.3 Eyesight Adjustment System in€a€VR Space
		2.4 Experiment of€Eyesight Adjustment in€VR Space
	3 Investigation of€the€VR Objects Recognition with€Visual Function Impairment
		3.1 Experimental Environment and€System Configuration
		3.2 Experiment of€Stepping Over Steps with€Blurred Vision in€VR Space
		3.3 Experimental Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
System to€Check Organs, Malignant Tumors, Blood Vessel Groups, and€Scalpel Paths in€DICOM with€a€3D Stereo Immersive Sensory HMD
	1 Introduction
	2 Discom Requirements Goals
	3 Development Environment and€Equipment Specifications
	4 Sharing Virtual Space through Network Communication
	5 Operation by€Hand Gesture
	6 Binocular Disparity Effects
		6.1 Binocular Disparity Verification Experiment
		6.2 Evaluation of€Measurement 1
	7 Binocular Parallax Support for€Immersive HMDs
		7.1 Custom Shader
		7.2 Solution by€Backside Drawing
	8 Automatic Segmentation Process for€DICOM Volumes
		8.1 Use of€Two DICOM Volumes
		8.2 Application to€Cutting Display
		8.3 Alignment of€Two DICOM Volumes
		8.4 Conversion from€MRI Volume to€CT Volume Coordinates
	9 Hand Gesture vs. Controller
		9.1 Hand Gesture and€Controller Operability Evaluation
		9.2 Evaluation of€Measurement 2
	10 Conclusions and€Future Works
	References
Mapping XR Platforms: Analyzing Immersion from€the€Designer’s Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 XR: A€New Opportunity to€Develop the€User Experience in€Product-Service Systems
		2.2 The Problems of€Designers to€Introduce XR in€Design Practices
	3 Surveys
		3.1 Survey 1€– The Categories of€XR Platforms Based on€Their Experiences a€Subsection Sample
		3.2 Survey 2€– XR Platforms in€HCD Processes
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Survey 1
		4.2 Survey 2
	5 Conclusion
	References
A€Survey on€When to€Think About Talking to€Users of€the€Work Immersion Time Presentation System in€the€Office
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Application for€the€Experiment
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Method
		4.2 Assumed Situations
		4.3 Results
		4.4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Fashion Games, Fashion in€Games and€Gamification in€Fashion. A€First Map
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Framing Games
		2.2 Videogames: an€Overview
	3 Research Design and€Methodology
	4 Examples of€Fashion and€Gaming Interactions
	5 A€Map and€Three Cases Examples
		5.1 Gamification in€Fashion
		5.2 Fashion in€Games
		5.3 Fashion Games
	6 Conclusions, Limitations and€Future Research
	References
A€Study on€Measurement Method of€User’s Physiological Index in€Rehabilitation Support System Using VR Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Rehabilitation Support System
		2.1 Exposure Therapy
		2.2 Our Proposed VR Exposure Support Systems
	3 Experiments
		3.1 Overview
		3.2 Experimental Scenes and€Procedures
		3.3 Experimental Results
	4 Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Being Elsewhere: An€Information Architecture Approach to€the€Design of€a€Sense of€Presence in€XR Environments
	1 Introduction
	2 Designing in€the€Digital/Physical Continuum
	3 A€Design Perspective of€XR, VR, AR, and€MR
	4 Embodiment and€Spatiality in€XR
	5 Experiential Challenges in€XR
	6 An€Information Architecture Analysis of€“Star Wars: Secrets of€the€Empire”
	7 Discussion
	8 Conclusions
	References
High-Quality Synthetic Character Image Extraction via Distortion Recognition
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
		2.1 Generative Models
		2.2 Assessing Quality of Synthetic Images
	3 Distorted Image Recognition
		3.1 Pseudo Distorted Image Synthesis
		3.2 Training a Distortion Recognition Model
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Quantitative Evaluation
		4.2 Qualitative Evaluation
		4.3 Limitation
	5 Conclusion and Future Works
	References
Barriers of€Design Management in€AR/VR Startups: Interview and€Discussion
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 The Opportunity and€Challenge of€AR/VR Startup
		2.2 New DMCs Transformation in€New Tech Startup
		2.3 The Value of€Design Thinking in€DMCs and€AR/VR Startup
	3 Method
	4 Findings: Barriers Within High-Tech Startups
		4.1 Barrier 1: Market Problem
		4.2 Barrier 2: Product Problem
		4.3 Barrier 3: Managerial Problem
		4.4 Findings: The Role of€DM, DT to€Gap the€Barriers
	5 Discussion
	References
Author Index