Human Communication in Society

Cover......Page 1
Title Page
......Page 2
Copyright Page
......Page 3
Brief Contents
......Page 4
Contents
......Page 5
Preface......Page 10
About the Authors......Page 19
Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Communication......Page 20
The Importance of Studying Human Communication......Page 21
Co-rumination: When Too Much Talk Is as Bad as Not Enough
......Page 22
Advantages of Studying Human Communication......Page 23
Components of Human Communication......Page 25
A Model of Human Communication: The Synergetic Model......Page 29
Communication Is Transactional......Page 30
Communication Is Influenced by Individual Forces......Page 31
Communication Is Influenced by Societal Forces......Page 32
Communication Is Influenced by Culture......Page 33
Communication Is Influenced by Context......Page 34
Communication Ethics......Page 35
Defining Your Communication Ethic......Page 36
Communication Ethics in Practice......Page 38
Putting It All Together: Communicating Competently......Page 39
Apply What You Know......Page 40
Explore......Page 41
Chapter 2 Perspectives on Human Communication......Page 42
Paradigms, Theories, and Methods......Page 44
Assumptions......Page 46
Theories and Methods......Page 47
Ethical Issues......Page 49
Alternative View: Sexting and Victimization of Women......Page 50
Theories and Methods......Page 51
The Critical Approach: Assumptions, Theories, Methods, Ethical Issues, and Strengths and Limitations......Page 55
Theories and Methods......Page 56
Strengths and Limitations......Page 59
Three Perspectives on Communication......Page 60
Key Terms
......Page 62
Apply What You Know......Page 63
Communication in Society: Can Communication Styles Predict Divorce?......Page 48
Did You Know?: Engaging Through Art and Performance......Page 57
Chapter
3 Communicating Identities......Page 64
The Importance of Identity......Page 65
What is Identity?......Page 66
Identity Development through Communication......Page 68
Performance of Individual Identity......Page 73
Racial Identity......Page 76
Ethnic Identity......Page 78
Counting Gender and Sexual Identities......Page 79
Gender Fluidity......Page 81
Social Class Identity......Page 82
Disability Identity......Page 84
Religious Identity......Page 85
Skills for Communicating about Identities......Page 87
Apply What You Know......Page 89
DNA Testing and Racism......Page 77
Islamophobia......Page 86
Catfishing......Page 88
Chapter
4 Communicating, Perceiving, and Understanding......Page 90
The Importance of Perception......Page 91
Communication in Society: Sex Differences in Smell......Page 93
Organization......Page 94
Interpretation......Page 97
Perception and the Individual......Page 100
Did You Know?: The Ringtone Adults Cannot Hear......Page 101
Cognitive Complexity......Page 102
The Role of Power......Page 103
The Role of Culture......Page 104
The Role of Social Comparison......Page 105
The Role of Historical Time Period......Page 107
Ethics and Perception......Page 108
Improving Your Perception Skills......Page 109
Key Terms
......Page 111
Explore
......Page 112
Chapter
5 Verbal Communication......Page 113
The Importance of Verbal Communication......Page 114
What Is Verbal Communication? Functions and Components of Language......Page 115
Functions of Language......Page 116
Components of Language......Page 117
The Individual and Verbal Communication: Influences......Page 121
Gender......Page 122
Contemporary Slang......Page 124
Regionality......Page 125
Ethnicity and Race......Page 126
Education and Occupation......Page 127
Language and Perception......Page 128
Language and Power......Page 129
Power and Words......Page 130
Power and Identity Labels......Page 131
Alternative View: Changing Whitehouse.gov......Page 133
Confirming and Disconfirming Communication......Page 134
“I” Statements......Page 136
Become Aware of the Power of Language......Page 137
Key Terms
......Page 138
Apply What You Know......Page 139
Perspective versus Descriptive Approaches to Language......Page 118
Language Discrimination......Page 132
Cyberbullying......Page 135
Chapter
6 Nonverbal Communication......Page 140
The Importance of Nonverbal Communication......Page 141
What Is Nonverbal Communication?......Page 143
Nonverbal Communication and the Individual......Page 144
How Much Does Nonverbal Communication Contribute to Meaning?......Page 145
Nonverbal Codes......Page 147
The Functions of Nonverbal Messages......Page 156
Nonverbal Communication and Power......Page 159
Ethics and Nonverbal Communication......Page 161
Improving Your Nonverbal Communication Skills......Page 162
Key Terms
......Page 164
Explore
......Page 165
Expectancy Violations......Page 151
Space Invaders......Page 153
Communication in Society: When You Smile on the Job......Page 149
Alternative View: Nonverbal Reciprocity or Nonverbal Complementarity?......Page 158
Chapter
7 Listening and Responding......Page 166
The Importance of Listening......Page 167
What Is Listening? Four Stages......Page 169
The “Big Five” of Listening Competency......Page 171
Barriers to Listening......Page 175
Social Hierarchy......Page 179
Listening and Community......Page 181
Ethics and Listening......Page 182
Identify Poor Habits......Page 183
Strive for Mindful Listening......Page 184
Apply What You Know......Page 185
Listening and Civil Dialogue......Page 178
Did You Know?: Statistically, How Many People Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing?......Page 176
Alternative View: Lurkers as Listeners......Page 170
Chapter
8 Communication across Cultures......Page 186
The Importance of Intercultural Communication......Page 187
Did You Know?: Meeting Other Travelers Adds Depth to Argentina Visit......Page 188
Improved Intergroup Relations......Page 190
Enhanced Self‐Awareness......Page 191
What Is Intercultural Communication?......Page 192
The Influence of Cultural Values on Communication......Page 196
Political and Historical Forces......Page 201
Intercultural Communication and Power......Page 202
Improving Your Intercultural Communication Skills......Page 204
Avoid Stereotypes......Page 205
Strive for Empathy......Page 207
Navigating the Borderlands......Page 208
Key Terms
......Page 209
Apply What You Know......Page 210
Alternative View: Immigrants......Page 194
Communication in Society: African American TV Families: Diverse Enough?......Page 203
Chapter
9 Communicating in Close Relationships......Page 211
The Importance of Communication in Close Relationships......Page 212
Close Relationships and the Individual......Page 213
Theories of Relationship Development......Page 214
Models of Relationship Development......Page 218
Initiating Relationships......Page 222
Maintaining Relationships......Page 225
Ending Relationships......Page 228
Aversive Communication Behaviors in Relationships......Page 231
Ethics and Close Relationships......Page 237
Improving Your Relationship Communication Skills......Page 239
Key Terms
......Page 241
Explore......Page 242
Why Can’t Couples Talk about Their Friends with Benefits Relationship?......Page 217
The Truth about Hookup Culture on Campus......Page 223
Did You Know?: Delivering Potentially Hurtful Messages......Page 240
Alternative View: An Evolutionary Theory of Relationship Development......Page 219
Chapter
10 Small Group Communication......Page 243
The Importance of Small Group Communication......Page 244
Reasons to Study Small Group Communication......Page 245
Alternative View: Hate Teamwork? You’re Not Alone......Page 246
A Connection with Each Other......Page 247
Small Group Communication and the Individual: Roles......Page 248
Types of Communication Roles......Page 249
Small Group Communication and the Individual: Leadership......Page 253
Effective Small Group Communication Practices......Page 257
Procedures That Help Groups Agree......Page 262
Technology and Group Communication......Page 263
Power and Group Communication......Page 266
Cultural Diversity and Small Group Communication......Page 267
Ethics and Small Group Communication......Page 269
Improving Your Small Group Communication Skills......Page 270
Summary......Page 272
Apply What You Know......Page 273
Introverts Can Be Leaders Too......Page 254
Handling Conflicts in Virtual Teams......Page 261
The Ultimate List of Virtual Team Technology Tools......Page 265
Communication in Society: COINs: Innovation Now......Page 264
Chapter
11 Communicating in Organizations......Page 274
Organizations from a Communication Perspective......Page 276
Communication Function and Structure......Page 277
Organizational Culture......Page 278
Did You Know?: Comparing Corporate Cultures......Page 281
Alternative View: What Is a “Real Job”?......Page 283
Communicating with Coworkers......Page 286
Organizational Dilemmas......Page 287
Societal Influences on Organizations......Page 291
Case Study: Antiglobalization Protests......Page 293
Organizations, Communication, and Power......Page 294
Ethics and Organizational Communication......Page 298
Improving Your Organizational Communication Skills......Page 300
Key Terms
......Page 302

Explore......Page 303
Employer Responses to Workplace Bullying......Page 296
Chapter
12 Rhetorical Communication......Page 304
The Importance of Rhetoric......Page 305
Rhetoric’s Functions in Society......Page 306
The Advantages of Studying Rhetoric......Page 307
Truth and Rhetoric......Page 309
What Is Rhetoric? A Broader View......Page 310
Ethos, Pathos, and Logos......Page 312
Social Position and Relationship to Audiences......Page 313
Reaffirming Cultural Values......Page 315
Bringing about Justice......Page 316
Prompting Social Change......Page 318
Uptalk/Vocal Fry......Page 319
Using Your Rhetorical Skills: Speaking in Public......Page 320
Understanding the Communication Event: The Synergetic Model......Page 321
Communication in Society: Communication Event Checklist......Page 323
Rehearsing and Delivering Your Speech......Page 328
Key Terms
......Page 332
Apply What You Know......Page 333
Frederick Douglass......Page 308
Visual Rhetoric......Page 317
PowerPoint Is Evil: Power Corrupts. PowerPoint Corrupts Absolutely......Page 326
Chapter
13 Mass Media and Communication......Page 334
The Importance of Mass Media......Page 335
What Are Mass Media?......Page 338
The Individual and Mass Media......Page 340
How Media Messages Affect the Individual......Page 341
How Individuals Choose Media Messages......Page 342
How Individuals Resist Media Messages......Page 346
Confirming Social Identities......Page 347
Agenda‐Setting Capacity......Page 350
Interpreting Media Events......Page 352
Monitoring Media Violence......Page 353
Analyzing Media Economics......Page 354
Ethics and Mass Media......Page 357
Be an Active Agent......Page 359
Talk Back......Page 360
Key Terms
......Page 361
Apply What You Know......Page 362
Hostile Media Effect......Page 344
Murdoch and the News Corporation Fallout......Page 355
Communication in Society: Watching or Not Watching 12 Years a Slave......Page 343
Chapter
14 Communicating through Social and Other Interactive Media......Page 363
The Importance of Interactive and Social Media......Page 364
How Does Interactive Media Use Affect Our Communication Choices?......Page 368
Managing Identity......Page 373
Relationship Development......Page 379
The Individual, Communication Technology, and Society......Page 383
Gender, Age, Ethnicity, and Technology Use......Page 384
Power, Access, and Digital Inequalities......Page 385
Globalization and Digital Inequalities......Page 387
Ethics and Online Identity......Page 389
Posting Ethical Messages......Page 390
Interactive Media Etiquette......Page 391
Using Social Media in Job Hunting......Page 394
Key Terms
......Page 395
Apply What You Know......Page 396
Alternative View: Alone Together......Page 370
Did You Know?: Humblebrag......Page 376
Glossary......Page 397
References......Page 404
Credits......Page 430
Index......Page 436