Human Capital Investment: A History of Asian Immigrants and Their Family Ties

Foreword
Acknowledgements
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction: Background and Overview
	Human Capital
	The Changing Nature of Immigration, Immigration Policy, and Immigration Research
		Changes in Immigration Research
	The Time Periods and Groups That Are Studied
	References
Chapter 2: A Brief Review of Immigration from Asia
	References
Part I: Theory and Methodology
	Chapter 3: What Caused the Decline in Immigrant Entry Earnings Following the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965?
		The Income-Distribution/Immigrant-Ability Hypothesis
		The Economic-Development/Skills-Transferability Hypothesis
			Level of Economic Development and Immigrant Skill Transferability
		References
	Chapter 4: The Immigrant Human Capital Investment Model
		The Effect of Education and Age on the Propensity to Invest in Human Capital
		The Importance of Permanence
		Economic Implications of the IHCI Model
		Measuring Skill Transferability
		Concluding Remark
		References
	Chapter 5: Methodological Implications of a Human Capital Investment Perspective
		Constraints on the Relationship Between Entry Earnings and Earnings Growth
		Constraints on the Sample
			Biases Created by Sample Constraints
		Concluding Remarks
		References
Part II: Earnings Growth and Human Capital Investment of Immigrant Men, the 1965–1970 and 1975–1980 Cohorts
	Chapter 6: The Earnings Growth of Asian Versus European Immigrants
		The Inverse Relationship: Asian and European Immigrants
		The Fixed-Cohort-Effect Model Revisited
		References
	Chapter 7: The Earnings Profiles of Immigrant Men in Specific Asian Groups: Cross-Sectional Versus Cohort-Based Estimates
		Initial Earnings
		Within-Country Changes in Entry Earnings
		Earnings Growth
		Cohort-Based Estimates of Immigrant Earnings Growth
		Why Are the Cross-Sectional and Cohort-Based Estimates of Earnings Growth So Similar?
		References
	Chapter 8: Modeling the Effect of a Factor Associated with Low Entry Earnings: Family Admissions and Immigrant Earnings Profiles
		Patterns of Admission
		Measuring the Effect of Admission Criteria on Immigrant Earnings
		Education and the Earnings’ Effect of Admission Criteria
		Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 9: Human Capital Investment
		Investment in English Proficiency
		Occupational Change with Time in the United States
		Investment in Schooling
		Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 10: Permanence and the Propensity to Invest
		Japanese Immigrants and Permanence
		Concluding Remarks
		References
Part III: A Family Perspective
	References
	Chapter 11: Family Income
		Determinants of Family Income
		The Contributions of Immigrant Women
		References
	Chapter 12: Explaining the High Labor Force Participation of Married Women from Asian Developing Countries
		Other Explanations
			Marriage Before or After Migration
			Relatives in the Home
			Cultural Factors
			Family Income
		Permanence
		References
	Chapter 13: Husbands and Wives: Work Decisions in a Family Investment Model?
		Immigrant Women’s Propensity to Work and the Family Investment Return
	Chapter 14: Following Cohorts and Individuals Over Time: Work Decisions of Married Immigrant Women
		Analyzing the Decision to Work by Following Cohorts
			Marital Status and Following Cohorts
		Using Census Data to Follow the Propensity to Work of Individuals Over Time
		Insights on Hours of Work and Wages Following Cohorts
			Hours of Work the First Five Years and Ten Years Later
			Wages the First Five Years and Ten Years Later
		Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 15: Unpaid Family Labor
		Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 16: Beyond the Immediate Family
		The Extended Family and Immigrant Self Employment
		References
Part IV: More Recent Cohorts
	References
	Chapter 17: Entry Earnings, Earnings Growth, and Human Capital Investment: The 1985–1990 and 1995–2000 Cohorts
		China Disaggregated
		Are the Earnings Patterns We Observe Due to Anti-Asian Discrimination?
		References
Part V: The Impact of Refugee Status
	References
	Chapter 18: Factors Associated with Refugee Status
		Community Ties and Extended Family
		Selection on Observed and Unobserved Characteristics
		Skill Transferability
		Permanence
		Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 19: The Earnings and Human Capital Investment of Southeast Asian Refugee Men: The 1975–1980 Cohort
		Investment in U.S. Human Capital
			English Proficiency
			Investment in Education
		Concluding Remarks
		References
	Chapter 20: Married Refugee Women from South East Asia: The 1975–1980 Cohort
		Modeling the Propensity of South East Asian Women to Work
		Hours of Work: The First Five Years and Ten Years Later
		The Earnings of South East Asian Married Women: The First Five Years and Ten Years Later
		The Wages of Working South East Asian Married Immigrant Women: The First Five Years and Ten Years Later
		Concluding Remarks
	Chapter 21: Refugee Entrants from South East Asia, a Decade After the War: The 1985–1990 Cohort
		The Entry Characteristics of the 1975–1980 and 1985–1990 Cohorts
		Entry Earnings and Earnings Growth
		Human Capital Investment Patterns
		Concluding Remark
		Reference
Part VI: A Brief Glance Backward and Conclusion
	Chapter 22: A Longer Perspective on Initial Conditions and Immigrant Adjustment
		The First Wave of Asian Immigration: Entry Characteristics
		Their Descendants
		References
	Chapter 23: Conclusion
		The Immigrant Human Capital Investment Model
		The Importance of Being Permanent
		Policy Implications of Our Results
		References
Appendix A: Sample Size Information for Year-of-Entry Cohorts at Entry and Ten Years Later by Age and Education Categories
Appendix B: Notes on Historical Data in Chap. 22
	Statistics on Filipino Immigrants Before 1935
Index