Human Cancer: Epidemiology and Environmental Causes (Cambridge Monographs on Cancer Research)

Cover......Page 1
Frontmatter......Page 2
Contents......Page 10
Contributors......Page 13
Preface......Page 14
Acknowledgements......Page 17
Historical introduction......Page 18
PART I - Epidemiological methods......Page 28
1 - Introduction to cancer epidemiology......Page 30
2 - Descriptive epidemiology: the measurement of human cancer......Page 32
3 - Analytical epidemiology: techniques to determine causal relationships......Page 54
4 - Limitations of epidemiological methods in cancer studies: study of low-level risks: negative studies......Page 66
5 - Laboratory methods in epidemiology......Page 72
PART II - Causative factors in human cancer......Page 90
6 - The concept of cause: epidemiological considerations......Page 92
7 - Chemical factors......Page 101
8 - Occupational factors......Page 124
9 - Cultural factors: tobacco......Page 141
10 - Cultural factors: alcohol......Page 154
11 - Sexual behavior and reproductive factors......Page 162
12 - Nutritional factors......Page 168
13 - Physical factors: fiber carcinogenesis (including crystalline silicates)......Page 179
14 - Physical factors: implants and thermal chronic injury......Page 187
15 - Physical factors: ultraviolet (UV) light......Page 191
16 - Ionizing radiation......Page 194
17 - Biological causes......Page 206
18 - Genetic and other host-risk factors......Page 216
19 - Socio-economic factors......Page 236
PART III - Legal and ethical considerations......Page 242
20 - Legal and regulatory issues in cancer epidemiology......Page 244
21 - Ethical responsibilities of the epidemiologist......Page 252
PART IV - Introduction: total and specific site epidemiology......Page 258
Guidelines for Chapters 22--57......Page 260
22 - Overall cancer incidence......Page 264
PART V - Buccal cavity......Page 272
23 - Lip, oral cavity and pharynx......Page 274
24 - Nasopharynx (NPC)......Page 283
PART VI - Digestive system......Page 288
25 - Esophagus......Page 290
26 - Stomach......Page 300
27 - Small intestine......Page 310
28 - Large intestine: colon and rectum......Page 313
29 - Liver......Page 323
30 - Gall bladder and extrahepatic biliary ducts......Page 338
31 - Pancreas......Page 342
PART VII - Respiratory system......Page 348
32 - Sinonasal......Page 350
33 - Larynx......Page 355
34 - Bronchus and lung......Page 360
35 - Pleura/mesothelioma......Page 373
PART VIII - Bone and soft tissue......Page 378
36 - Bone......Page 380
37 - Soft tissue sarcoma (STS)......Page 385
PART IX - Skin......Page 390
38 - Malignant melanoma......Page 392
39 - Skin cancers other than malignant melanoma......Page 397
PART X - Breast and genitourinary system......Page 402
40 - Breast......Page 404
41 - Uterine cervix......Page 415
42 - Choriocarcinoma......Page 422
43 - Endometrium (corpus uteri)......Page 425
44 - Ovary......Page 430
45 - Prostate......Page 434
46 - Testis......Page 439
47 - Penis and scrotum......Page 442
48 - Urinary tract, bladder, ureter and urethra......Page 446
49 - Kidney and renal pelvis......Page 452
PART XI - Eye and nervous system......Page 458
50 - Eye......Page 460
51 - Brain and central nervous system......Page 462
PART XII - Thyroid and other endocrine glands, lymphoid and hematopoietic system......Page 470
52 - Thyroid and other endocrine glands......Page 472
53 - Burkitt\'s lymphoma......Page 476
54 - Hodgkin\'s disease (HD)......Page 480
55 - Non-Hodgkin\'s lymphoma (NHL) and mycosis fungoides......Page 486
56 - Multiple myeloma and macroglobulinemia......Page 492
57 - The leukemias......Page 497
PART XIII - Cancers in children and multiple primary cancers......Page 504
58 - Cancers in children......Page 506
59 - Multiple primary cancers: second cancers......Page 520
Conclusions......Page 524
Appendix 1 - Cancer statistics......Page 534
Table 1.1. Age-standardized rates by site for selected registries......Page 535
Table 1.2. Range of age-standardized incidence for selected sites of cancer 1978--1982, by sex......Page 547
Appendix 2 - A glossary of epidemiological terms......Page 549
Appendix 3 - Acronyms and abbreviations......Page 556
Supplement......Page 560
Index......Page 579