Human Behavior and the Social Environment: Shifting Paradigms in Essential Knowledge for Social Work Practice

Cover Page
CSWE’s Core Competencies and Practice Behavior Examples in this Text
MySearchLab
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
Preface
1. Introduction
	Human Behavior Theory and Social Work Practice
	CSWE Core Competencies
	Generalist Practice
	Theory and Practice in Social Work: Connecting the Dots
	Theoretical Range
	Theories as Maps: Grand, Middle Range, and Focal Theories
	Summary
	PRACTICE TEST
	MYSEARCHLAB CONNECTIONS
2. The Foundations for Social Systems Theory
	The Nature of Theory
	Social Systems Perspective
	General Systems Theory
	Ecological Theory
	Generalist Social Work Practice and Person in the Environment
	Functional Theory
	Symbolic Interactionism and Role Theory
	Summary
	PRACTICE TEST
	MYSEARCHLAB CONNECTIONS
3. Social Systems and Social Work
	Social Systems in Generalist Practice
	Development of Social Systems
	Social Systems Cycle
	Social Systems Features
	Definitions of Social System Elements
		Boundary
		Suprasystem
		Interface
		Input
		Proposed Output
		Conversion Operations
		Output
		Feedback
	Summary
	PRACTICE TEST
	MYSEARCHLAB CONNECTIONS
4. Social Systems and Social Roles
	Systems Thinking, Role Theory, and Generalist Practice
	Major Role Concepts
	Roles as Social Structures
	Role Dynamics
	Common Role Problems
	Role Problem Resolution Strategies
	Summary
	PRACTICE TEST
	MYSEARCHLAB CONNECTIONS
5. Psychodynamic Theories
	Individual Theory: The First Wave
	Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Theory
		Focus
		Assumptions
		Concepts
	Theoretical Base of Analytical Psychology
	Theoretical Base of Individual Psychology
	Childhood Attachment Theory
	Object Relations Theory
	Neurosis and Striving
	The Sane Society
		Authoritarianism
		Destructiveness
		Automaton Conformity
	Psychodynamic Theory in Systems Perspective
	Summary
	PRACTICE TEST
	MYSEARCHLAB CONNECTIONS
6. Psychosocial Theory: A SocialSystems Perspective
	Psychosocial Theory
		Focus
		Assumptions
		Concepts
	The Biological Connection
		Causation
		Genetics
		Evolution
	Infancy
		Psychosocial Crisis: Basic Trust versus Basic Mistrust
		Developmental Activities
	Post Infancy
		Psychosocial Crisis: Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
		Developmental Activities
	Preschool
		Psychosocial Crisis: Initiative versus Guilt
		Developmental Activities
	School
		Psychosocial Crisis: Industry versus Inferiority
		Developmental Activities
	Adolescence
		Psychosocial Crisis: Identity versus Role Confusion
		Developmental Activities
	Early Adulthood
		The Psychosocial Crisis: Intimacy versus Isolation
		Developmental Activities
	Middle Adulthood
		Psychosocial Crisis: Generativity versus Stagnation
		Developmental Activities
	Late Adulthood
		Psychosocial Crisis: Ego Integrity versus Despair
		Developmental Activities
		Spirituality and Psychosocial Theory
	Summary
	PRACTICE TEST
	MYSEARCHLAB CONNECTIONS
7.  Behavioral Learning Theories
	Behavioral Learning Theory
		Focus
		Assumptions
	Concepts
		Reinforcement
		Punishment
		Time Out
		Contingency Management
		Generalization
		Stimulus Binding
		Discrimination
		Shaping
		Cueing
		Reinforcement Schedules
		Extinction
	Social Learning Theory
	Cognitive Behavioral Theory
		Rational Emotive Behavior Theory
		Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Mood Disorders
		Positive Psychology
	Summary
	PRACTICE TEST
	MYSEARCHLAB CONNECTIONS
8.  Cognitive and Humanistic Theories
	Third Wave: Cognitive and Humanistic Theories
	Cognitive Development Theory
		Focus
		Assumptions
		Concepts
		Piaget’s Four Stages
		Summary
	Moral Development Theory
		Focus
		Assumptions
		Concepts
		Gender-Related Differences
	Humanistic Theory
		Assumptions
		Concepts
	Person-Centered Theory
	Summary
	PRACTICE TEST
	MYSEARCHLAB CONNECTIONS
9. Family Theories
	Families as Emergent Structures
	Structural Family Theory
		Family Subsystems
		Family System Boundaries
	Family Systems Theory
		Differentiation
		Triangles
		Nuclear Family Emotional Process
		Family Projection Process
		Multigenerational Transmission Process
		Social Environment
		Emotional Cutoff
		Societal Emotional Process
	Communications/Interactive Theory
		Metacommunications
		Double Bind Communication
		Family Homeostasis
	Summary
	PRACTICE TEST
	MYSEARCHLAB CONNECTIONS
10. Group Theories
	Social Groups
	Collections, Categories, and the Social Group
		Collections of People
		Categories of People
	Primary and Secondary Groups
	Natural and Rational Will
	Formed versus Natural Groups
	Task versus Treatment Groups
	Field Theory
		Assumptions
	Exchange Theory
	Psychoanalytic Tavistock Groups
	Behavioral Group Theory
	Role Theory in Groups
	Dimensions of Group Process
		Interaction Process Analysis
		Needs-Based Motivational Model
		Interpersonal Underworld
		Individual Personality Temperament and Group Process
	In-Groups and Out-Groups: Boundaries and Identity
	Stages of Group Development
	Group Therapeutic Factors
	Group Leadership
	Summary
	PRACTICE TEST
	MYSEARCHLAB CONNECTIONS
11. Organizational Theories
	Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
	Definition
	Organizational Theory and Practice
	Authority
	The Weberian Bureaucracy—the Rationalist Position
		A Hierarchical Authority Structure
		Division of Labor
		Standardization of Role Performance
		Depersonalization of Position
		Decision Making Guided by Rules Based in Lawand/or Administrative Policy
		Scientific Management and the Classical Tradition
		Rationalist Position and Social Systems Theory
	The Human Relations Position
		Human Relations Position and Social Systems Theory
	The Dialectic
	Social Systems Theory: Emergence
	Social Systems Theory: Definitions for Organizations
	Social Systems Theory: Developmental Stages of FormalOrganizations
	Social Systems Theory: Total Quality Management
	Theories X, Y, and Z
	Summary
	PRACTICE TEST
	MYSEARCHLAB CONNECTIONS
12. The Community
	The Community: Traditional Definitions
	The Evolving Community
	Traditional Geographic Community Theory
	The Ecological Position: Human Ecology
		Assumptions
		Community Theorists
		Concepts
	The Community Power Position
		Assumptions
	Community Power: The Elitist Position
		Assumptions
		Concepts
		The Regional City Study
	Community Power: The Pluralist Position
		Assumptions
		Concepts
	The Conflict Position
	The Community System Cycle
	Communities of Interest
		Toward a Definition
	Stagnation and Emergence in Communities: Two Illustrations
		Rural Communities as Stagnant Systems
		AIDS: A Community of Interest
	Summary
	PRACTICE TEST
	MYSEARCHLAB CONNECTIONS
13. Theories Applied to Addiction
	Defining Addiction
	Measuring Addiction
	Toward a Theory of Addiction
	The Natural Mind
	The Psychiatric Model
	Existing Theories: A Sampler
		Choice Theories
		Compulsion and Self-Control Theories
		Drug Transitions: Gateway Theories
		Recovery Oriented Theories
		The Transtheoretical Model: Stages of Change
		Conditioning Theories
		Exposure Theory
		Differential Association
	Assessing Addiction Theory and Treatment
		What Activities Are Addictive?
		Who Becomes Addicted?
		What Environmental Conditions Promote Addiction?
		How Does Addiction Develop?
		What Other Symptoms Accompany Addiction?
		Is There a Uniform Experience of Addiction?
		Do Different Addictions Overlap?
		What Triggers the Decision to Try to Stop an Addiction?
		What Are the Steps from Being Addicted to a Stateof Active Recovery?
		What Makes for Successful Recovery?
		What Addiction Treatments Are Effective?
		What Common Problems Are Related to Addiction?
		What Makes Something Addictive?
		What Determines Susceptibility to Addiction?
		What Makes an Environment Pathological?
	Effects of Interventions
		Is Treating the Symptom Effective?
		What Are the Basic Principles of Effective Intervention?
		Should You Press for Immediate Action for Change?
		Does Education Change Behavior?
		What Are Treatment Intervention Goals?
	Summary
	PRACTICE TEST
	MYSEARCHLAB CONNECTIONS
14. Theories Applied to Violence
	Violence in Social Systems Perspective
	Ethology and Violence
	Flight, Fight, or Freeze
	The Death Drive
	Violence as Social Deviance
		Violence as a Mental Disorder
		Intermittent Explosive Disorder
		Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
		Borderline Personality Disorder
		Conduct Disorder
		Antisocial Personality Disorder
	Violence as Crime
	Operant Learning
	Exchange Theory
	Social Learning
	Domestic Violence
	Bullying
	Summary
	PRACTICE TEST
	MYSEARCHLAB CONNECTIONS
15. Theories on Social Systems,Social Capital, and Diversity
	Introduction
		Culture Wars: How the West Won
		Modernism: Mastering Nature
		Postmodernism: A Philosophy Fragmentation
	Cultural Diversity
	Social Systems Theory
		The Function of Dysfunction
		Open and Closed Systems
		Boundary Effect
		Minority Status as a Holon
	Social Capital
	Conflict and Consensus
		The Wrong Crowd
		Irreconcilable Differences
	Conflict, Religion, and Diversity
	Ethics and Cultural Diversity
		Poverty
	Summary
	PRACTICE TEST
	MYSEARCHLAB CONNECTIONS
References
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Photo Credits
Index
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