Human Barrier Design and Lifecycle

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
About the Author
Permissions
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1 Introduction
	1.1 Intended Audience
	1.2 Lifecycle Model Application
	1.3 Content and Organization
	1.4 Industry Insights and Recommendations
	1.5 Companion Guides to This Book
	1.6 Suggestions for Readers with Different Interests
Chapter 2 Terms, Definitions, and Model Constructs
	2.1 Terms, Definitions, and Abbreviations
	2.2 Defining Barriers as Tasks
	2.3 Frame Tasks in the Form of the Detect, Decide, and Act Model
	2.4 Integrate Situation Awareness into the Detect, Decide, and Act Model
	2.5 Barrier Elements: Physical, Human, and Organizational
Chapter 3 Conceptual and Preliminary Design (Model Phases A and B)
	3.1 Conceptual Design (Phase A)
	3.2 Preliminary Design (Phase B, Front End Engineering Design)
Chapter 4 Detailed Design, Engineering, and Requisitions (Model Phase C)
	4.1 Process C-1, Update Preliminary Phase Design
	4.2 Process C-2, Assessment of Performance Influencing Factors
	4.3 Process C-3, Act Phase
	4.4 Process C-4, Decide Phase
	4.5 Process C-5, Detect Phase: SA-2, SA-3
	4.6 Process C-6, Team Design: Shared Situation Awareness
	4.7 Process C-7, Detect Phase: SA-1, Non-VDU Displays
	4.8 Process C-8, Detect Phase, VDU-Based Displays
	4.9 Process C-9, Monitoring and Control Consoles and Panels
	4.10 Process C-10, Rooms
	4.11 Process C-11, Engineered Areas
	4.12 Process C-12, Buildings
	4.13 Process C-13, Performance Standards
	4.14 Process C-14, Balance of Design
	4.15 Process C-15, Procedures
	4.16 Process C-16, Competency Gap and Training Needs Assessment
	4.17 Process C-17, Safety Requirements Specification
	4.18 Process C-18, Prepare Requisitions and Contracts
	4.19 Process C-19, Verification #3
	4.20 Process C-20, Validation (#2)
Chapter 5 Implementation: Procurement, Fabrication, Human and Organizational Elements (Model Phase C)
	5.1 Process C-30, Procurement – Technical Systems and Packaged Equipment Systems
	5.2 Process C-31, Procurement and Contracting – Buildings
	5.3 Process C-32, Organizational Elements
	5.4 Process C-33, Human Elements: Complete Barrier Staffing and Hiring
	5.5 Process C-34, Complete the Acquisition of Additional Resources
	5.6 Process C-35, Verification #4
	5.7 Process C-36, Safety Requirements Specification (Update and Issue)
Chapter 6 Construction, Installation, and Commissioning (Model Phase D)
	6.1 Process D-1, Facility/Site Construction
	6.2 Process D-2, Onsite-Constructed Building
	6.3 Process D-3, Install Procured Systems, Packages, and Buildings
	6.4 Process D-4, Remote Barrier Support, Remote Operations Center
	6.5 Process D-5, Human Elements – Verify HE Competency
	6.6 Process D-6, Organizational Elements
	6.7 Process D-7, Barrier System – Vericafition #5
	6.8 Process D-8, Barrier System Site Acceptance Test
	6.9 Process D-9, Barrier System – Validation #4
	6.10 Process D-10, Pre-Start Readiness Check
Chapter 7 Operate and Maintain, Modify, and Decommission (Model Phases E, F, and G)
	7.1 Process E-1, Operations – Physical Elements, Monitor Bypass Use
	7.2 Process E-2, Operations – Organizational Elements
	7.3 Process E-3, Operations – Human Elements
	7.4 Process E-4, Maintenance – Physical Elements
	7.5 Process E-5, Maintenance – Organizational Elements
	7.6 Process E-6, Maintenance – Human Elements
	7.7 Process E-7, Programs and Policies
	7.8 Process E-8, B-SAT
	7.9 Process E-9, PIF Assessment
	7.10 Process E-10, Vericafition #6
	7.11 Phase F, Modifications (Change Management)
	7.12 Phase G, Decommissioning
Chapter 8 The Case for Developing a New Standard for Active Human Barriers
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Deficiencies in Current Knowledge, Standards, and Practice
	8.3 A Suggested Path Forward – Develop a New Global Consensus Standard
Chapter 9 Concluding Observations, Findings, and Remarks
	9.1 Cognitive Ergonomics: Developmental Stages and Challenges
	9.2 Where to Start?
	9.3 Assessing Potential Cost and Benefits
	9.4 Achievable Human Reliability and Performance
	9.5 Application to Safety Critical Tasks
	9.6 Closing the Gap: Work-As-Imagined versus Work-As-Done
	9.7 Why Is Execution Such a Challenge?
	9.8 Reflecting on Cognitive Science and Appendix F
	9.9 Workspace Design
	9.10 Insights on Appendix M and the Deepwater Horizon Accident
	9.11 New Ability to Detect Errors and Omissions
	9.12 Terms and Language
	9.13 Model Tables: Data, Guidance, and Reference
	9.14 New Processes and Adaptations to Existing Practice
	9.15 Cognitive Assessment and Mitigation Process
	9.16 Approaching Procedures From a Display Perspective
	9.17 Model is Not Optimized
Appendix A – Project Execution and Planning
	A.1 Lifecycle Phases – Project Stage Gate Planning
	A.2 Assessments and Quality Processes
	A.3 Procurement
	A.4 Vericafition, Validation, Inspection, and Testing
	A.5 Procedures and Training
	A.6 Remote Barrier Support and Remote Operations Center
	A.7 Cognitive Assessment and Mitigation Process
	A.8 Example Execution Challenges
Appendix B – Technical Design, Resources, and Topics
	B.1 Introduction
	B.2 Barrier Safety Management Plan (BSMP)
	B.3 Safety Requirements Specification (SRS)
	B.4 Remote Barrier Support Design Basis
	B.5 Technical Design Topics
	B.6 CX Sub-Process – PE Component-Level Design
	B.7 Source Inputs to Design, Project Documents, Procurement, and Quality
	B.8 Support Aids (Job Aids)
Appendix C – Teams and Teamworking
	C.1 Team Situation Awareness
	C.2 Non-Technical Skills
	C.3 Implicit and Explicit Coordination
	C.4 Trust
Appendix D – Performance Standards
	D.1 Introduction
	D.2 Differences in Global Standards and Practice
	D.3 Suggested Performance Standards
	D.4 CIEHF (2016) Suggestions for a Human Performance Standard
Appendix E – Procurement
	E.1 Input to Requisitions, Purchase Orders, and Contracts
	E.2 Proposal Review
	E.3 Input to Purchase Order or Contract
	E.4 Purchase Order/Contract Kick-Off Meeting
	E.5 Vendor Data Review
	E.6 Periodic Inspection
	E.7 Assessments
	E.8 Vericafition #3 and Validation #2
	E.9 Factory Acceptance Testing and Validation #3
	E.10 Site Services
	E.11 Site Acceptance Test, Vericafition #4, Validation #3
	E.12 Purchase Order or Contract Closeout
	E.13 Procurement Information: Reference Tables
Appendix F – Cognition: Baseline Science and Application
	F.1 Automatic and Conscious Processes – Overview and Comparison
	F.2 Cognitive Capabilities and Limitations (Design Considerations)
	F.3 Cognitive Access to Visual Information
	F.4 Acute Stress – Physical and Cognitive Effects
	F.5 Understanding Mental Models and Long-Term Memory
Appendix G – Verification and Validation
	G.1 Introduction
	G.2 Design Reviews
	G.3 Inspection: Processes and Execution
	G.4 Testing: Processes and Execution
	G.5 Verification: Processes and Execution
	G.6 Validation: Processes and Execution
Appendix H – Performance Influencing Factors
	H.1 Introduction
	H.2 PIF Assessment for Barriers, Tasks, and Task Phases
	H.3 PIF Assessment (Working Environment) for Direct-Use Components and Support PE
	H.4 Basis for Selecting Performance Influencing Factors
Appendix I – Cognitive Assessment and Mitigation Process
	I.1 Introduction
	I.2 Cognitive Assessment and Mitigation Process
	I.3 Cognitive Assessment Tables
	I.4 Execution Considerations
Appendix J – Human and Organizational Elements
	J.1 Overview and Introduction
	J.2 Procedures
	J.3 Training
	J.4 Competency Requirements and Management Systems
	J.5 HE Staff and Staffing Policies
	J.6 Optimizing Human Performance (Minimize Task Execution Time)
	J.7 Skill Fade and Drift
Appendix K – Workspace Development and Design
	K.1 Common Workspace Design Elements and Principles
	K.2 Physical Element Workspace Design
	K.3 Communication Workspace Design
	K.4 Human Element Workspace Design
	K.5 Information Workspace Design
Appendix L – Remote Barrier Support, Remote Operations Centers
	L.1 Introduction
	L.2 Remote Barrier Support and Remote Operations Center Design and Lifecycle Processes
	L.3 Potential RBS Opportunities
	L.4 Potential Contributors to Degradation
Appendix M – D eepwater Horizon Accident: Active Barrier Causal Contributors
References
Index