Human Adjustment: John W. Santrock

Title
Contents
1 Adjusting to Life
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: Ted Kaczynski and Alice Walker
	Exploring Adjustment
		What Is Adjustment?
		Contexts, Diversity, and Adjustment
		Thinking Critically About Adjustment
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 1.1: My Beliefs About Psychic Phenomena
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: Involving Critical Thinking
	Subjective Well-Being and Adjustment
		Are Rich People Happier?
		Who Is Happy?
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 1.2: My Subjective Well-Being
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Happiness and Life Satisfaction
	The Scientific Approach to Adjustment
		Psychology and Adjustment
		Adopting a Scientific Attitude
		Using the Scientific Method
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Writing to Improve Your Health
		Experimental and Correlational Research
		Being a Wise Consumer of Research Information
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Understanding Adjustment Research
	Resources for Improving Adjustment
		Mental Health Professionals
		National Support Groups
		Self-Help Books
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Selecting a Self-Help Book
		The Internet
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Finding the Best Information on the Internet Involving Human Adjustment
	Reach Your Learning Goals
2 Personality
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: Abraham Lincoln
	What Is Personality?
	Psychodynamic Perspectives
		Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory
		Psychodynamic Revisionists
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: Based on Psychodynamic Approaches
		Evaluating Psychodynamic Perspectives
	Behavioral and Social Cognitive Perspectives
		Classical Conditioning
		Skinner’s Behaviorism
		Social Cognitive Theory
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Increasing Your Self-Efficacy
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 2.1: Evaluating My Self-Efficacy
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 2.2: Am I Internally or Externally Controlled?
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: Based on Behavioral and Social Cognitive Perspectives
		Evaluating the Behavioral and Social Cognitive Perspectives
	Humanistic Perspectives
		Rogers’ Approach
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Becoming a Fully Functioning Person
		Maslow’s Approach
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Becoming Self-Actualized
		Evaluating Humanistic Perspectives
	Trait Perspectives
		Trait Theories
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 2.3: How Introverted or Extraverted Am I?
		Traits, Situations, and Culture
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Interacting with People from Individualist and Collectivist Cultures
		Evaluating Trait Perspectives
	Personality Assessment
		Types of Assessment
		Projective Tests
		Self-Report Tests
		Behavioral and Cognitive Assessment
	Reach Your Learning Goals
3 The Self, Identity, and Values
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: Maxine Hong Kingston, Bridging Cultural Worlds
	The Self
		Self-Concept
		Self-Esteem
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 3.1: My Self-Esteem
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Increasing Self-Esteem
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 3.2: Do I Have Narcissistic Tendencies?
	Identity
		Erikson’s View
		The Four Statuses of Identity
		Developmental Changes
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 3.3: What Is My Identity?
		Ethnic Identity
		Gender and Identity
	Values
		Exploring Values
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 3.4: What Are My Values?
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Clarifying Your Values
		College Students’ Values
		Meaning in Life
		Sociocultural Perspectives on Values
	Religion
		The Scope of Religion in People’s Lives
		Religion and Health
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 3.5: Spiritual Well-Being
		Religious Coping
	Reach Your Learning Goals
4 Stress
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: Daphne Carlisle, La-Shawn Clark, Susan Kelly, and Mary Assanful: Stress and Coping in the Aftermath of September 11, 2001
	What Is Stress?
		Definitions of Stress
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 4.1: How Vulnerable Am I to Stress?
		General Adaptation Syndrome
		Cognitive Appraisal
	Stress and Illness
		Stress and the Immune System
		Stress and Cardiovascular Disease
		Stress and Cancer
	Sources and Mediators of Stress
		Environmental Factors
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 4.2: Stressful Events in My Life
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Avoiding Burnout
		Personality Factors
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Reducing Anger
		Work-Related Stress
		Sociocultural Factors
	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
		Symptoms and Developmental Course of PTSD
		Stressful Events and PTSD
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: The Road to Resilience
	Reach Your Learning Goals
5 Coping
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: The Remarkable Coping Skills of Rose Kennedy
	Exploring Coping
		What Is Coping?
		Coping Classifications
		Coping and Contexts
	Strategies for Coping
		Think Positively and Optimistically
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Self-Talk
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Becoming More Optimistic
		Increase Self-Control
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Improving Self-Control
		Seek Social Support
		Use Proactive Coping
		Engage in Enjoyable Activities and Use Humor
		Use Multiple Coping Strategies
		Coping with Emotions
			Emotional Approach Coping
			Emotional Regulation
			Emotional Intelligence
			Coping and Positive Emotion
			SELF-ASSESSMENT 5.1: How Emotionally Intelligent Am I?
		Stress Management
			Exploring Stress Management
			Meditation and Relaxation
			ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Practicing Meditation
			Biofeedback
			SELF-ASSESSMENT 5.2: My Coping Strategies
		Reach Your Learning Goals
6 Social Thinking, Influence, and Intergroup Relations
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: Anna Boladode Espina, an Immigrant with a Dream
	Social Thinking
		Making Attributions
		Forming Impressions
		Changing Attitudes
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 6.1: Am I a High or Low Self-Monitorer?
	Social Influence
		Conformity
		Obedience
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Resisting an Unjust Request by a Person in a Position of Authority
		Compliance
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Resisting Persuasion and Compliance Tactics
	Intergroup Relations
		Groups and Their Functions
		Group Identity: Us Versus Them
		Prejudice and Discrimination
		Immigration
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For International Students
		Ways to Improve Interethnic Relations
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Improving Interethnic Relations
	Reach Your Learning Goals
7 Communicating Effectively
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: Misunderstanding in Communication
	Exploring Interpersonal Communication
		Messages
		The Transactional Aspect of Communication
		Context
		Defining Interpersonal Communication
	Verbal Interpersonal Communication
		Speaking Skills
	Listening Skills
	ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Becoming a Better Listener
	Self-Disclosure
	ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Increasing Self-Disclosure
	Conflict and Assertiveness
	SELF-ASSESSMENT 7.1: How Much Do I Self-Disclose?
	SELF-ASSESSMENT 7.2: What Is My Communication Style?
	ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Becoming More Assertive
	Gender and Verbal Communication
	Barriers to Effective Verbal Communication
	SELF-ASSESSMENT 7.3: How Argumentative Am I?
	ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Effective Verbal Expression
	Nonverbal Interpersonal Communication
		Dimensions of Nonverbal Communication
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Improving Intercultural Communication
		Body Communication
		Spatial Communication
		Silence and Paralanguage
	Reach Your Learning Goals
8 Friendship and Love Relationships
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: Gwenna and Greg: Her Pursuit and His Lack of Commitment
	Forming Relationships: Attraction
		Familiarity and Similarity
		Physical Attraction
		Personality Traits
	Friendship
		The Benefits of Friendship
		Gender and Friendship
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Getting and Keeping Friends
	Love
		What Is Love?
		Attachment
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 8.1: What Type of Love Do I Have?
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 8.2: What Is My Attachment Style?
		Gender and Love
		Falling Out of Love
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 8.3: Am I Vulnerable in My Close Relationship?
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Breaking the Bonds of Love
	The Dark Side of Close Relationships
		Anger
		Jealousy
		Spouse and Partner Abuse
		Dependence
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Overcoming Excessive Dependence
		Loneliness
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 8.4: Am I Lonely?
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Reducing Loneliness
	Reach Your Learning Goals
9 Adult Lifestyles
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: Liddy’s Adjustment to Postdivorce Life
	The Diversity of Adult Lifestyles
		Single Adults Living Alone
		Cohabiting Adults
		Married Adults
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 9.1: What Characteristics Do I Desire in a Potential Mate?
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 9.2: My Knowledge of Marital Myths and Realities
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Making Marriages Work
		Divorced Adults
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Divorced Adults
		Remarried Adults
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Remarried Adults
		Gay and Lesbian Adults
	The Family Life Cycle
		Leaving Home
		The New Couple
		Becoming a Family with Children
		The Family with Adolescents
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Parenting Adolescents
		Midlife Families
		Families in Later Life
	Parenting
		Timing of Parenthood
		Parenting Styles
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Effective Parenting
		Working Parents
		Children in Divorced Families
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Communicating with Children About Divorce
		Ethnicity and Parenting
		Child Abuse
	Reach Your Learning Goals
10 Achievement, Careers, and Work
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: David Eggers, Pursuing a Career in the Face of Stress
	Achievement
		Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
		Goal Setting, Planning, and Monitoring
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Setting Goals
		Time Management
		Some Obstacles to Achievement
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Conquering Procrastination
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 10.1: Am I a Perfectionist?
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Coping with Perfectionism
	Careers and Jobs
		Career Development Across the Life Span
		Skills and Personality Traits
	SELF-ASSESSMENT 10.2: What Are My Academic and Personal Skills Strengths and Weaknesses
	Knowledge, Goals, and Careers
	Getting a Job
	SELF-ASSESSMENT 10.3: My Career Goals
	ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Knocking ‘Em Dead in a Job Interview
	Work
		The Role of Work in People’s Lives
		Working During College
		Work and Retirement
		Leisure
	Reach Your Learning Goals
11 Emerging Adulthood, Adult Development, and Aging
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: Sister Mary and Anthony Pirelli
	Becoming an Adult
		The Nature of Development
		Emerging Adulthood
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 11.1: My View of Life
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Emerging Adulthood
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Returning Students
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 11.2: My College Adjustment
	Physical Development in Adulthood
		Early Adulthood
		Middle Adulthood
		Late Adulthood
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 11.3: Can I Live to Be 100?
	Cognitive Development in Adulthood
		Early Adulthood
		Middle Adulthood
		Late Adulthood
	Socioemotional Development in Adulthood
		Early Adulthood
		Middle Adulthood
		Late Adulthood
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Successful Aging
	Death and Grieving
		Facing One’s Own Death
		Coping with the Death of Someone Else
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Communicating with a Dying Person
		Death in Different Cultures
	Reach Your Learning Goals
12 Gender
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: Tita de la Garza: Bound by Tradition
	Perspectives on Gender
	Defining Gender
	SELF-ASSESSMENT 12.1: My Beliefs About Gender Equality
	Evolutionary Psychology Theory
		Social Theories
		Cognitive Theories
	Gender Comparisons
		Gender Stereotypes
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 12.2: Attitudes Toward Women
		Gender Similarities and Differences
		Masculinity, Femininity, and Androgyny
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 12.3: My Gender-Role Classification
	Women’s and Men’s Lives
		Women’s Lives
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Women
		Men’s Lives
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Men
	Reach Your Learning Goals
13 Sexuality
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: Variations in Sexual Behavior: Magic Johnson and Alberto
	Sexual Motivation and Behavior
		The Biology of Sex
		Sensations, Perceptions, and Cognitions
		Culture and Sexual Motivation
		Gender and Sexual Motivation
		Sexual Orientation
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: Involving Gays and Lesbians
		Sexual Patterns in the United States
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 13.1: What Are My Sexual Attitudes?
	Sexuality and Adjustment
		Sexual Communication
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Effective Communication in Sexual Relationships
		Sexual Myths and Sex Education
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 13.2: Sexual Satisfaction for My Partner and Myself
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 13.3: My Awareness of Sexual Myths
		Contraception
		Psychosexual Dysfunctions and Disorders
	Sexuality and Harm
		Sexually Transmitted Infections
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Protecting Against STIs
		Rape
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: Involving Acquaintance Rape
		Sexual Harassment
		Incest
		Pornography and Violence Against Women
	Reach Your Learning Goals
14 Psychological Disorders
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: Kay Redfield Jamison
	Understanding Abnormal Behavior
		Defining Abnormal Behavior
		Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorders
		Classifying Abnormal Behavior
	Anxiety Disorders
		Generalized Anxiety Disorder
		Panic Disorder
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Coping with Panic
		Phobic Disorders
		Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Coping with an Anxiety Disorder
	Dissociative Disorders
		Dissociative Amnesia and Fugue
		Dissociative Identity Disorder
	Mood Disorders
		Depressive Disorders
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Coping with Depression
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 14.1: Am I Depressed?
		Bipolar Disorder
		Causes of Mood Disorders
		Suicide
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Communicating with Someone Threatening Suicide
	Schizophrenia
		Types of Schizophrenia
		Causes of Schizophrenia
	Personality Disorders
		Odd or Eccentric Cluster
		Dramatic or Emotionally Problematic Cluster
		Anxious or Fearfulness Cluster
	Reach Your Learning Goals
15 Therapies
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: Steve M., Benefiting from Therapy
	Biological Therapies
		Drug Therapy
		Electroconvulsive Therapy
		Psychosurgery
	Psychotherapies
		Psychodynamic Therapies
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: Based on Psychodynamic Therapies
		Humanistic Therapies
		Behavior Therapies
		Cognitive Therapies
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 15.1: Do I Have Irrational Beliefs?
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: Based on Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Self-Instructional Methods
		Integrative Therapy
	Sociocultural Approaches and Issues in Treatment
		Group Therapy
		Family and Couples Therapy
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: Based on Family Therapy
		Self-Help Support Groups
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Benefiting from Self-Help Support Groups
		Community Mental Health
		Cultural Perspectives
	Evaluating Therapy
		Is Therapy Effective?
			Common Themes in Psychotherapy
			Funding Therapy
			Selecting a Therapist
			SELF-ASSESSMENT 15.2: Do I Need to See a Therapist?
			ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Seeking Professional Help
		Reach Your Learning Goals
16 Health
	IMAGES OF ADJUSTMENT: Lance Armstrong, Coping with Cancer
	Explaining Health and Illness
	Bio-Psycho-Social Model
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 16.1: Is My Lifestyle Good for My Health?
		Psychological Factors in Health and Illness
		Social Factors in Health and Illness
	Nutrition and Eating
		Nutrition and Eating Behavior
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Eating Right
		Eating Problems
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Losing Weight
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 16.2: What Are My Eating Attitudes and Behaviors Like?
	Exercise
		The Benefits of Exercise
		Exercise and Longevity
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Exercising Regularly
	Drugs and Addiction
		Psychoactive Drugs
		Addiction
		Alcohol
		SELF-ASSESSMENT 16.3: Do I Abuse Drugs?
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Curbing Alcohol Use
		Smoking
		ADJUSTMENT STRATEGIES: For Quitting Smoking
	The Patient and the Health-Care Setting
		Recognizing and Interpreting Symptoms
		Seeking Treatment
		The Patient’s Role
		Adherence to Medical Advice and Treatment
		Socioeconomic Status and Ethnicity
		Gender
	Reach Your Learning Goals
Appendex Self-Assessment Scoring and Interpretation
Glossary G–
References R–
Credits C–
Name Index NI–
Subject Index SI–