How to Think Critically: Question, Analyze, Reflect, Debate

Contents
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Introduction

1. What is Critical Thinking?

What does a Critical Thinker Look Like?

Benefits of Critical Thinking

Reflection: Are You a Critical Thinker?

2. Why is Critical Thinking so Challenging?

Noncritical, Weakly Critical, and Strongly Critical Thinking

The Linda Problem

The Problem with Eyewitness Accounts and Memory

Bayesian Analysis

3. The Essentials of Critical Thinking

The 7 Steps to Better Critical Thinking

The Universal Intellectual Standards

The Elements of Thinking

Valuable Intellectual Traits

4. Emotions, Assumptions, and Biases

Moods and Thinking

The Science Behind Our Biases

Jumping to Conclusions

Types of Biases

Marketing and Manipulation

How to Detect Biases in Data and Information

Minimize the Impact of Your Biases

5. How to Understand More Deeply

Make Mistakes and Ask Questions

Asking Questions in Different Situations

Follow the Flow of Ideas and Embrace Change

6. Reasoning by Analogy

The Power of Words

Uncovering False Analogies

Analogy in Practice

Reflection: Practice Your Analogy Skills

7. Summary Guide

Conclusion

Before You Go…

Reference