How Cities Become Brands: Developing City Brands Purposefully and Thoughtfully

Foreword
Contents
About the Authors
1 Introduction: The City as a Kaleidoscope
	Abstract
2 The Observation: Cities are Brands
	Abstract
	2.1 Different Cities
	2.2 Fictional Cities
	2.3 Evolutionary Cities
	2.4 Contested Cities
	2.5 Designed Cities
	2.6 Distinguishable Cities
	2.7 Conclusion: City Brands Exist
	References
3 The Assertion: City Brands are Created
	Abstract
	3.1 The City in Competition
	3.2 The Entrepreneurial City
	3.3 The Demanded City
	3.4 The City as an Offer
	3.5 The Marketing of the City
	3.6 Conclusion: City Brands must be Created
	References
4 The Description: How City Brands are Created
	Abstract
	4.1 The Playing Field: The Urban Public
		4.1.1 Unlimited Playing Field
		4.1.2 Limited Roles
	4.2 The Process: City Politics
		4.2.1 Theoretical Possibilities
		4.2.2 Practical Prerequisites
		4.2.3 Solvable Problems
	4.3 The Idea: The Singular City
		4.3.1 Imagined Futures
		4.3.2 Available Futures
		4.3.3 Exemplary Futures
		4.3.4 Made Futures
	4.4 The Structure: The Urban Offer
		4.4.1 The Portfolio
		4.4.2 The Structure
		4.4.3 The Instrumentation
		4.4.4 The Process
	4.5 The Shape: The Cityscape
		4.5.1 The Designed Image
		4.5.2 The Projected Image
		4.5.3 The Received Image
	4.6 The Experience: Urban Life
		4.6.1 Experiencing a City
		4.6.2 The Typical of a City
		4.6.3 Shaping the City Experiences?
		4.6.4 Powerbrands and Hidden Champions
	4.7 Conclusion: City Brands Can Be Created
	References
5 Conclusion: Should the City Become a Brand?
	Abstract
	5.1 City Brands
	5.2 Imagined Geographies
	5.3 Craft Rules
	References