Holding down the Fort: Policing Communities and Community-Oriented Policing in Rural Germany

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Our Town: The Sociology of Policing Communities
	2.1 The Village Sheriff
	2.2 Policing Worlds: The Sociology of Police and Policing
	2.3 The Images of Policing
	2.4 Cultural Narratives and Police Interaction
	2.5 Negotiated Authority
		2.5.1 The Institutional Authority of the Police
		2.5.2 Situational and Personal Sources of Authority
	2.6 Community Policing and Policing a Community
	2.7 Violence and the Police
	2.8 Whose Order? Police Culture and Policing Norms
		2.8.1 Culture and Institution
		2.8.2 Two Perspectives on Police Culture
		2.8.3 Narratives in Police Culture
		2.8.4 Stories and Local Knowledge
	2.9 Showing up and Saying the Lines: Dramaturgy and Liminality
3 Setting the Stage: Setting, Method, and Perspective
	3.1 Ride-Alongs: Accompanying People and Accompanying Roles
	3.2 Symbolic Action, Narrative and Cultural Understanding
	3.3 Participant Observation, Naturalistic Inquiry, and Intersubjective Meaning
		3.3.1 Naturalistic Inquiry
	3.4 Ethnography and Meaning
		3.4.1 One of Us: Involvement, Marginality, and Access
	3.5 Background: The Revierpolizei and the Community
		3.5.1 Structure and Agency
		3.5.2 Town and Country: Rural Regions of Brandenburg
		3.5.3 Protocol: Field Research
		3.5.4 Sources of Data
	3.6 The Drama of Policing: Dramaturgy, Narrative, and Hermeneutics
		3.6.1 In their Own Words: Role and Identity
		3.6.2 Private Lives and Public Police
4 Framing Police Encounters: The Dramaturgy of Authority
	4.1 Negotiating Authority, Defining Order: Dramaturgy and Institutional Police Roles
	4.2 Police Work and Officer Discretion
		4.2.1 Beyond Discretion
	4.3 Symbolism and Police Encounters
	4.4 On the Scene: Police Presence and Negotiated Order
	4.5 Three Sources of Police Authority
	4.6 Establishing and Maintaining Authority
		4.6.1 Form of Interaction
		4.6.2 Spatial Ordering
		4.6.3 Indicators of Control
		4.6.4 Dramatization of Power-Dynamics
		4.6.5 Police Role Integrity
		4.6.6 Attribution of Roles
		4.6.7 Interactional Goal
	4.7 Managing Authority in Community Contexts
	4.8 Managing Situations: Prevention
	4.9 Policing Public Events
		4.9.1 The Big Game
		4.9.2 Spatial Ordering, Indicators of Control, and Civil Inattention
		4.9.3 Defining Participation
	4.10 Public Space, Community Space and Ordered Space
	4.11 Dramas of Authority and Control
5 Violence and the Police
	5.1 Violent Acts and Violent Symbols: Constructivist Concerns
	5.2 How Violence Defines Policing
	5.3 Doing Violence: Coercive Force as the Core Police Function
	5.4 The Symbolism of Violence
		5.4.1 Violence as a Symbol
		5.4.2 Symbols of Violence
		5.4.3 The Gun and the Symbolism of Police Training
		5.4.4 “I Don’t Want to Hurt Anybody”: Police and Symbolic Violence in Rural Communities
		5.4.5 The Gun as a Representation of Policing?
		5.4.6 Imagining Violence: Firearms
		5.4.7 Immediate and Representative Symbols of Violence: From Symbolic Potential to Intention
		5.4.8 Contextualizing Violence
		5.4.9 Transforming Symbols
	5.5 Narratives of Violence
		5.5.1 Deterministic and Attributed Violence
		5.5.2 Violent Situations and Violent Individuals
		5.5.3 Perspective in Narratives of Violence
		5.5.4 Community-Oriented Policing and Violence
6 Community Tales: Storytelling, Experience, and Local Knowledge
	6.1 Narrative and Storytelling as Action
	6.2 Values and Cultural Narrative
	6.3 Time and Narrative Action
		6.3.1 Breaking from the Norm and the Tellability of Narratives
	6.4 Vocabularies of Motive
	6.5 Storytelling in Police Culture
		6.5.1 War Stories
		6.5.2 Horror Stories
	6.6 Police Culture and Policing Narratives
		6.6.1 Teaching through Narrative
		6.6.2 Linked and Linking Narratives
		6.6.3 Linking Narratives: Skills and Knowledge
		6.6.4 Linked Narratives: Knowledge and Skills
	6.7 Serious Jokes: Humor and Institutional Frames
	6.8 Policing Cultures or Cultures within Policing?
7 The Police and Community Maintenance
	7.1 Knowing the Police / Knowing the Community
	7.2 Constructing the Community
	7.3 Community Partnerships
	7.4 Liminality and the Spirit of Control
		7.4.1 The Police Officer’s Two Bodies
	7.5 Ascribing Motives and Creating Actors
		7.5.1 Communities of Actors and the Community as Actor
	7.6 Keeping the Community Alive
	7.7 Moving Images / Moving Targets: Ethnography and Community Policing
8 Postscript: Retrospective Auto-ethnography
Work Cited