History of England, vol.2

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نویسندگان: Macaulay Thomas Babington.  
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Philadelphia: Porter & coates, 2006.
1st Baron Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800-1859) was a British historian, essayist, and statesman, best remembered for his five-volume History of England.
Baron Macaulay was a minor poet but a brilliant essayist. His History of England has been criticized for its Protestant and Whig bias, but his vast wealth of material, his use of vivid details, and his brilliant, rhetorical, narrative style combined to make it one of the greatest literary works of the 19th century. Contents:
Chapter vi.
the Power of James at the Height.
His Foreign Policy.
His Plans of Domestic Government; the Habeas corpus Act.
The Standing Army.
Designs in favour of the Roman catholic Religion.
Violation of the Test Act.
Disgrace of Halifax; general Discontent.
Persecution of the French Huguenots.
Effect of that Persecution in England.
Meeting of Parliament; Speech of the King; an Opposition formed.
in the House of commons.
Sentiments of Foreign Governments.
Committee of the commons on the King's Speech.
Defeat of the Government.
Second Defeat of the Government; the King reprimands the commons.
Coke committed by the commons for Disrespect to the King.
Opposition to the Government in the Lords; the Earl of Devonshire.
The Bishop of London.
Viscount Mordaunt.
Prorogation.
Trials of Lord Gerard and of Hampden.
Trial of Delamere.
Effect of his Acquittal.
Parties in the court; Feeling of the Protestant Tories.
Publication of Papers found in the Strong Box of charles ii.
Feeling of the respectable Roman catholics.
Cabal of violent Roman catholics; castlemaine.
Jermyn; White; Tyrconnel.
Feeling of the Ministers of Foreign Governments.
The Pope and the Order of Jesus opposed to each other.
The Order of Jesus.
Father Petre.
The King's Temper and Opinions.
The King encouraged in his Errors by Sunderland.
Perfidy of Jeffreys.
Godolphin; the Queen; Amours of the King.
Catharine Sedley.
Intrigues of Rochester in favour of catharine Sedley.
Decline of Rochester's Influence.
Castelmaine sent to Rome; the Huguenots illtreated by James.
The Dispensing Power.
Dismission of Refractory Judges.
Case of Sir Edward Hales.
Roman catholics authorised to hold Ecclesiastical Benefices;
Sclater; Walker.
The Deanery of christchurch given to a Roman catholic.
Disposal of Bishoprics.
Resolution of James to use his Ecclesiastical Supremacy against.
the church.
His Difficulties.
He creates a new court of High commission.
Proceedings against the Bishop of London.
Discontent excited by the Public Display of Roman catholic.
Rites and Vestments.
Riots.
A camp formed at Hounslow.
Samuel Johnson.
Hugh Speke.
Proceedings against Johnson.
Zeal of the Anglican clergy against Popery.
The Roman Catholic Divines overmatched.
State of Scotland.
Queensberry.
Perth and Melfort.
Favour shown to the Roman Catholic Religion in Scotland.
Riots at Edinburgh.
Anger of the King; his Plans concerning Scotland.
Deputation of Scotch Privy Councillors sent to London.
Their Negotiations with the King.
Meeting of the Scotch Estates; they prove refractory.
They are adjourned; arbitrary System of Government in Scotland.
Ireland.
State of the Law on the Subject of Religion.
Hostility of Races.
Aboriginal Peasantry; aboriginal Aristocracy.
State of the English Colony.
Course which James ought to have followed.
His Errors.
Clarendon arrives in Ireland as Lord Lieutenant.
His Mortifications; Panic among the Colonists.
Arrival of Tyrconnel at Dublin as General; his Partiality and Violence.
He is bent on the Repeal of the Act of Settlement; he returns to England.
The King displeased with Clarendon.
Rochester attacked by the Jesuitical Cabal.
Attempts of James to convert Rochester.
Dismission of Rochester.
Dismission of Clarendon; Tyrconnel Lord Deputy.
Dismay of the English Colonists in Ireland.
Effect of the Fall of the Hydes.
CHAPTER VII.
William, Prince of Orange; his Appearance.
His early Life and Education.
His Theological Opinions.
His Military Qualifications.
His Love of Danger; his bad Health.
Coldness of his Manners and Strength of his Emotions; his Friendship.
for Bentinck.
Mary, Princess of Orange.
Gilbert Burnet.
He brings about a good Understanding between the Prince and Princess.
Relations between William and English Parties.
His Feelings towards England.
His Feelings towards Holland and France.
His Policy consistent throughout.
Treaty of Augsburg.
William becomes the Head of the English Opposition.
Mordaunt proposes to William a Descent on England.
William rejects the Advice.
Discontent in England after the Fall of the Hydes.
Conversions to Popery; Peterborough; Salisbury.
Wycherley; Tindal; Haines.
Dryden.
The Hind and Panther.
Change in the Policy of the Court towards the Puritans.
Partial Toleration granted in Scotland.
Closeting.
It is unsuccessful.
Admiral Herbert.
Declaration of Indulgence.
Feeling of the Protestant Dissenters.
Feeling of the Church of England.
The Court and the Church.
Letter to a Dissenter; Conduct of the Dissenters.
Some of the Dissenters side with the Court; Care; Alsop.
Rosewell; Lobb.
Venn.
The Majority of the Puritans are against the Court; Baxter; Howe,
Banyan.
Kiffin.
The Prince and Princess of Orange hostile to the Declaration of Indulgence.
Their Views respecting the English Roman Catholics vindicated.
Enmity of James to Burnet.
Mission of Dykvelt to England; Negotiations of Dykvelt with English.
Statesmen.
Danby.
Nottingham.
Halifax.
Devonshire.
Edward Russell; Compton; Herbert.
Churchill.
Lady Churchill and the Princess Anne.
Dykvelt returns to the Hague with Letters from many eminent Englishmen.
Zulestein's Mission.
Growing Enmity between James and William.
Influence of the Dutch Press.
Correspondence of Stewart and Fagel.
Castelmaine's embassy to Rome.
CHAPTER VIII.
Consecration of the Nuncio at Saint James's Palace; his public Reception.
The Duke of Somerset.
Dissolution of the Parliament; Military Offences illegally punished.
Proceedings of the High Commission; the Universities.
Proceedings against the University of Cambridge.
The Earl of Mulgrave.
State of Oxford.
Magdalene College, Oxford.
Anthony Farmer recommended by the King for President.
Election of the President.
The Fellows of Magdalene cited before the High Commission.
Parker recommended as President; the Charterhouse.
The Royal Progress.
The King at Oxford; he reprimands the Fellows of Magdalene.
Penn attempts to mediate.
Special Ecclesiastical Commissioners sent to Oxford.
Protest of Hough.
Parker.
Ejection of the Fellows.
Magdalene College turned into a Popish Seminary.
Resentment of the Clergy.
Schemes of the Jesuitical Cabal respecting the Succession.
Scheme of James and Tyrconnel for preventing the Princess of Orange.
from succeeding to the Kingdom of Ireland.
The Queen pregnant; general Incredulity.
Feeling of the Constituent Bodies, and of the Peers.
James determines to pack a Parliament.
The Board of Regulators.
Many Lords Lieutenants dismissed; the Earl of Oxford.
The Earl of Shrewsbury.
The Earl of Dorset.
Questions put to the Magistrates.
Their Answers; Failure of the King's Plans.
List of Sheriffs.
Character of the Roman Catholic Country Gentlemen.
Feeling of the Dissenters; Regulation of Corporations.
Inquisition in all the Public Departments.
Dismission of Sawyer.
Williams Solicitor General.
Second Declaration of Indulgence; the Clergy ordered to read it.
They hesitate; Patriotism of the Protestant Nonconformists of London.
Consultation of the London Clergy.
Consultation at Lambeth Palace.
Petition of the Seven Bishops presented to the King.
The London Clergy disobey the Royal Order.
Hesitation of the Government.
It is determined to prosecute the Bishops for a Libel.
They are examined by the Privy Council.
They are committed to the Tower.
Birth of the Pretender.
He is generally believed to be supposititious.
The Bishops brought before the King's Bench and bailed.
Agitation of the public Mind.
Uneasiness of Sunderland.
He professes himself a Roman Catholic.
Trial of the Bishops.
The Verdict; Joy of the People.
Peculiar State of Public Feeling at this Time.
CHAPTER IX.
Change in the Opinion of the Tories concerning the Lawfulness.
of Resistance.
Russell proposes to the Prince of Orange a Descent on England.
Henry Sidney.
Devonshire; Shrewsbury; Halifax.
Danby.
Bishop Compton.
Nottingham; Lumley.
Invitation to William despatched.
Conduct of Mary.
Difficulties of William's Enterprise.
Conduct of James after the Trial of the Bishops.
Dismissions and Promotions.
Proceedings of the High Commission; Sprat resigns his Seat.
Discontent of the Clergy; Transactions at Oxford.
Discontent of the Gentry.
Discontent of the Army.
Irish Troops brought over; Public Indignation.
Lillibullero.
Politics of the United Provinces; Errors of the French King.
His Quarrel with the Pope concerning Franchises.
The Archbishopric of Cologne.
Skilful Management of William.
His Military and Naval Preparations.
He receives numerous Assurances of Support from England.
Sunderland.
Anxiety of William.
Warnings conveyed to James.
Exertions of Lewis to save James.
James frustrates them.
The French Armies invade Germany.
William obtains the Sanction of the States General to his Expedition.
Schomberg.
British Adventurers at the Hague.
William's Declaration.
James roused to a Sense of his Danger; his Naval Means.
His Military Means.
He attempts to conciliate his Subjects.
He gives Audience to the Bishops.
His Concessions ill received.
Proofs of the Birth of the Prince of Wales submitted to the.
Privy Council.
Disgrace of Sunderland.
William takes leave of the States of Holland.
He embarks and sails; he is driven back by a Storm.
His Declaration arrives in England; James questions the Lords.
William sets sail the second Time.
He passes the Straits.
He lands at Torbay.
He enters Exeter.
Conversation of the King with the Bishops.
Disturbances in London.
Men of Rank begin to repair to the Prince.
Lovelace.
Colchester; Abingdon.
Desertion of Cornbury.
Petition of the Lords for a Parliament.
The King goes to Salisbury.
Seymour; Court of William at Exeter.
Northern Insurrection.
Skirmish at Wincanton.
Desertion of Churchill and Grafton.
Retreat of the Royal Army from Salisbury.
Desertion of Prince George and Ormond.
Flight of the Princess Anne.
Council of Lords held by James.
He appoints Commissioners to treat with William.
The Negotiation a Feint.
Dartmouth refuses to send the Prince of Wales into France.
Agitation of London.
Forged Proclamation.
Risings in various Parts of the Country.
Clarendon joins the Prince at Salisbury; Dissension in the Prince's Camp.
The Prince reaches Hungerford; Skirmish at Reading; the King's.
Commissioners arrive at Hungerford.
Negotiation.
The Queen and the Prince of Wales sent to France; Lauzun.
The King's Preparations for Flight.
His Flight.
CHAPTER X.
The Flight of James known; great Agitation.
The Lords meet at Guildhall.
Riots in London.
The Spanish Ambassador's House sacked.
Arrest of Jeffreys.
The Irish Night.
The King detained near Sheerness.
The Lords order him to be set at Liberty.
William's Embarrassment.
Arrest of Feversham.
Arrival of James in London.
Consultation at Windsor.
The Dutch Troops occupy Whitehall.
Message from the Prince delivered to James.
James sets out for Rochester; Arrival of William at Saint James's.
He is advised to assume the Crown by Right of Conquest.
He calls together the Lords and the Members of the Parliaments.
of Charles II.
Flight of James from Rochester.
Debates and Resolutions of the Lords.
Debates and Resolutions of the Commoners summoned by the Prince.
Convention called; Exertions of the Prince to restore Order.
His tolerant Policy.
Satisfaction of Roman Catholic Powers; State of Feeling in France.
Reception of the Queen of England in France.
Arrival of James at Saint Germains.
State of Feeling in the United Provinces.
Election of Members to serve in the Convention.
Affairs of Scotland.
State of Parties in England.
Sherlock's Plan.
Sancroft's Plan.
Danby's Plan.
The Whig Plan.
Meeting of the Convention; leading Members of the House of Commons.
Choice of a Speaker.
Debate on the State of the Nation.
Resolution declaring the Throne vacant.
It is sent up to the Lords; Debate in the Lords on the Plan of Regency.
Schism between the Whigs and the Followers of Danby.
Meeting at the Earl of Devonshire's.
Debate in the Lords on the Question whether the Throne was vacant.
Majority for the Negative; Agitation in London.
Letter of James to the Convention.
Debates; Negotiations; Letter of the Princess of Orange to Danby.
The Princess Anne acquiesces in the Whig Plan.
William explains his views.
The Conference between the houses.
The Lords yield.
New Laws proposed for the Security of Liberty.
Disputes and Compromise.
The Declaration of Right.
Arrival of Mary.
Tender and Acceptance of the Crown.
William and Mary proclaimed; peculiar Character of the English Revolution.