History in Dispute, Volume 10 - Crusades, 1095 to 1291

Cover Page......Page 1
ADVISORY BOARD......Page 3
Title Page......Page 4
ISBN 1558624546......Page 5
CONTENTS (with page links)......Page 6
ABOUT THE SERIES......Page 12
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 13
PREFACE......Page 14
CHRONOLOGY......Page 30
Aljamas: What impact did aljamas (Muslim communities subject to Christian rule) have on the acculturation of Muslimsin Spain?......Page 37
The Americas: Was the conquest of the Americas an extension of the medieval Crusades?......Page 43
Attacks on Jews: What was the main cause of attacks on Jews during the Crusades?......Page 49
Byzantine-Latin Relations: Did poor relations between the Byzantine Empire and the western Roman Empire contribute to the failure of the Crusades and the ultimate loss of the Crusader States?......Page 60
Children's and Shepherds' Crusades: Were the Children's and Shepherds' Crusades class protests of the poor against the wealthy?......Page 68
Convivencia: Does convivencia (coexistence) describe relationships among Christians and Muslims in Spain during the Middle Ages?......Page 76
Crusader States: Did the Crusader States collapse from external pressure rather than internal weaknesses?......Page 82
Defining Moment: Does the modern-era conflict between the West and the Islamic Near East have its roots in the Crusades?......Page 91
Disillusionment: Did the failure of Louis IX's military campaigns in the thirteenth century begin a period of disillusionment among the Crusaders?......Page 100
Economic Motives: Were the Crusades motivated primarily by economic considerations?......Page 107
Ethical Perspectives: Did the Crusades represent a distortion of the Christian message?......Page 115
Fifth Crusade: Why did the Fifth Crusade end in failure?......Page 123
First Crusade: What was the most significant motivational factor in the massive lay response to the First Crusade?......Page 133
Fourth Crusade: Was the Fourth Crusade really a crusade?......Page 143
Gregory VII: Was Gregory VII the founder of the crusading movement?......Page 151
Inventing the Crusades: Were there any genuine Crusades before the thirteenth century?......Page 159
Jihad: Did the Islamic concept of jihad (just war) influence the development of Crusade ideology?......Page 168
Louis IX: Were the Crusades of Louis IX motivated more by political pragmatism than religious idealism?......Page 175
Maritime States: Did the Italian maritime republics strengthen the Crusader States?......Page 184
Military Orders: Did the Islamic ribat (military religious communities) serve as the model for the Christian Crusaders?......Page 194
Military Strategy: Did the Crusaders have a coherent military strategy for securing the Holy Land?......Page 203
Missionary Activity: Was the conversion of non-Christians among the primary goals of the Crusades?......Page 212
The Mongols: Would a Latin-llkhan Mongol alliance have strengthened and preserved the Crusader States?......Page 218
Muslims: Were Muslims treated better by the Crusaders than by Islamic rulers in the East?......Page 226
Orientalization: Was there a significant fusion of Islamic and Latin Christian culture in the Crusader States?......Page 233
The Papacy: Did the Crusades strengthen the papacy?......Page 240
Peter the Hermit: Did Peter the Hermit initiate the First Crusade?......Page 247
Political Crusades: Were the political Crusades against Christians a later distortion of the original concept of crusading?......Page 259
Popular Crusades: Were the Popular Crusades legitimately a part of the crusading movement?......Page 267
Reconquista: Was the Reconquista really a Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula?......Page 277
Saladin and Richard I: Was Saladin a better military commander than Richard I?......Page 283
Third Crusade: Was the Third Crusade a success?......Page 290
Traditionalists and Pluralists: What is a Crusade?......Page 300
Treatment of Jews: Did the Jews have a more stable position under Islamic rule than Christian rule?......Page 308
Urban II: What was Pope Urban II's main objective in launching the First Crusade?......Page 315
Vow Redemption: Did vow redemption, a knight's promise to send a substitute soldier to the Holy Land or provide a monetary pledge to Rome, hamper the crusading movement?......Page 327
Western Imperialism: Were the Crusades the beginning of Western imperialism and colonialism in the Middle East?......Page 336
REFERENCES......Page 343
CONTRIBUTORS' NOTES......Page 349
INDEX......Page 351