Histories of Legal Aid: A Comparative and International Perspective

Acknowledgements
Praise for Histories of Legal Aid
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction: Understanding the History of Legal Aid in an International and Comparative Perspective
	Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Legal Aid
		The Origins of Legal Aid
		Legal Aid in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
	From National Historiography to a Comparative View
		A Shift of Perspective
		Legal Aid, Politics, and Society
		Legal Aid and the Legal Profession
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
		Printed Sources
		Secondary Literature
Part I: Grand Histories of Legal Aid
	The Persistent Question of Legal Aid in the Professional Development of Russian Lawyers
		Introduction
		The Roots of Legal Aid in Tsarist Russia
		The Soviet Experience
		The Diverse Market of Legal Aid in Today’s Russian Federation
		Conclusion
		Bibliography
			Legislation and Proposed Regulation
			Online Sources
			Printed Sources
			Secondary Literature
	From pro Deo to pro Pecunia. An Institutional History of Legal Aid in Belgium
		Introduction
		The History of the Exemption of Costs of Judicial Proceedings
		Legal Aid by Lawyers
			Origins
			The Offices of Free Consultation in Belgium: A Long Period of Continuity (1832–1967)
			The Times Are Changing (1967–1980)
			State-Financed Legal Aid (1980–Present)
		The Long-Term History of Legal Aid in Belgium Visualised (1841–2016)
		Conclusion
		Bibliography
			Archival Sources
			Legislation
			Case Law
			Printed Sources
			Online Sources
			Secondary Literature
	The Historical Evolution of Legal Aid in China from the Perspective of Globalisation (1890–2003)
		Introduction
		The Era of the Late Qing Dynasty (1890–1911)
		The Era of the Beijing Government (1912–1927)
		The Period of the Kuomintang Government (1928–1949)
		The Period of the People’s Republic of China (1949–2003)
		Discussion and Conclusion
		Bibliography
			Printed Sources
			Online Sources
			Secondary Literature
Part II: Growing Needs and New Providers: Legal Aid at the Fin de Siècle
	For Workers and for the Disadvantaged: Legal Advice Centres in Germany from the Late Nineteenth Century to the Early Twentieth Century
		Introduction
		Background to the Development of Extrajudicial Legal Aid: Industrialisation and Social Legislation
		The Extrajudicial Legal Aid of the Catholic Church and the Free Trade Unions
		The Legal Advice Centres of Charitable Organisations and Municipalities
		Legal Protection Centres for Women
		Development of Legal Advice and Information for Workers and for Economically and Socially Disadvantaged People
		The Legal Regulation of Extrajudicial Legal Services
		Attitudes of Practising Lawyers Regarding Extrajudicial Legal Aid and the Beginning of Professionalisation
		Conclusion
		Bibliography
			Archival Sources
			Legislation
			Printed Sources
			Online Sources
			Secondary Literature
	“To Poor and Rich Alike”: Legal Modernisation, the Women’s Movement, and Legal Aid in Late-Nineteenth-Century Finland
		Introduction
		Industrialisation, the Growing Working Class, and Philanthropy
		Legal Modernisation and the Budding Legal Profession in Late-Nineteenth-Century Finland
		Newspapers and the Legal Aid Question
		The Finnish Women’s Association Steps Up
		The Helsinki Poor’s Advocate
		Conclusion
		Bibliography
			Archival Sources
			Printed Sources
			Newspapers
			Secondary Literature
	Lawyers Providing Legal Aid in Print: Legal Question and Answer Columns in Finnish Newspapers Around 1900
		Introduction
		Background: National Awakening, Finnish-language Newspapers, and Emerging Civil Society
		Early Development of Legal Question and Answer Columns, 1860s–1880s
		Regular Legal Question and Answer Columns, 1890s and Beyond
		Actor Perspective: The Experts
		What Kind of Legal Questions Were Being Asked
		Actor Perspective: The Inquirers
		Actor Perspective: The Newspapers
		Conclusion
		Bibliography
			Printed Sources
			Newspapers and Periodicals
			Secondary Literature
Part III: Politics, Memory, and the Writing of History
	The Organisation of l’Assistance Judiciaire, the Politics of Poverty, and the Rewriting of History in Nineteenth-Century France
		Introduction
		The Question of Legal Aid in the Mid-nineteenth Century
		L’assistance judiciaire Under the Third Republic
		Conclusion: The Haunting of L’assistance Judiciaire and the Future of Legal Aid
		Bibliography
			Printed Sources
			Secondary Literature
	Training and Disciplining Lawyers Through Legal Aid: Chile, 1932–1960s
		Introduction
		Legal Aid and the Bar, from Symbiosis to Parasitism
		Training and Disciplining Lawyers Through Legal Aid
			Law Interns: Training Future Lawyers
			Disciplining Abogados de Turno
		Epilogue: The Crisis of Legal Aid and the Demise of the Chilean Bar Association
		Bibliography
			Archival Sources
			Interviews
			Printed Sources
			Legislation
			Secondary Literature
	Archival Confrontations and Rewriting the History of Legal Aid in the U.S.
		The Standard Narratives and Assumptions about Legal Aid in the U.S.
		Confronting the Archives, Disciplines, and Ourselves
		Piecing Together Stories: The New York Legal Aid Society
		The Search for Women’s Organisations and Lay Lawyers
		Finding the Smoking Gun: Deleting Women from the History of Legal Aid
		Confronting Opposition
		Absences and Fantasies for the Future
		Bibliography
			Archival Sources
			Printed Sources
			Online Sources
			Secondary Literature
Index